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The Choctaw Indians were located mainly in Mississippi but also in a small part of Alabama. In 1820 the U.S. signed a treaty with the Choctaws that stated the boundaries of the Choctaw territory and their relationship with the United States. A new treaty was signed in 1825 to correct the errors in the treaty signed in 1820. In 1830 John H. Eaton was sent to Mississippi in order to get the Choctaws to sign the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek. This treaty would allow the Choctaws to remain in their land if they became U.S. citizens. Those who refused to sign the treaty were sent to Oklahoma on the Trail of Tears (Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians).
The Creek tribe was located in Alabama and Georgia. In 1825 the Creeks ceded the rest of their land in Georgia to the government (Georgia Info). After that the Creeks were located fully in Alabama. Because of this the Alabama government wanted to abolish the indians' government and enforce state laws upon them. Alabama told the Creeks that they could either sell their land to the state or submit to Alabama's laws (Creek Indian Wars). The 1832 Treaty of Washington caused the indians to cede their land east of the Mississippi River to the U.S. government (Georgia Info).
The Seminole Tribe was located in Central Florida. The Americans began to move into their territory. They told the indians to move further south and to stop hiding fugitive slaves. This demand caused the Seminoles to launch a series of attacks on the Americans. The Americans retaliated by sending troops to push the indians further south. Many of the Seminoles fled but some stayed and fought for a year before retreating into the Everglades. (The Seminole Wars).
The Chickasaws were primarily located in Mississippi but spread into small parts of Alabama and Tennessee. Americans that were living in Alabama began to venture into the Chickasaw's land. They stole the indian's crops, land, and their slaves. John Calhoun wanted to remove the Chickasaws by combining them with the Choctaws. The Chickasaws appealed to the U.S. government saying that this violated a treaty that the indians and the U.S. had signed. The U.S. responded by saying that unless the Chickasaws complied with Alabama's laws they would be forced to move west. (Chickasaw Press).
The Five Civilized Tribes consisted of the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole. These tribes adopted American culture and spoke English. Some tribes practiced Christianity and owned slaves. Westward Expansion in America led Andrew Jackson to enact the Indian Removal act of 1830. This forced many of these tribes out of their homeland and further west, mostly on the Trail of Tears (Jacksonian Democracy).
The Cherokee tribe was located primarily in Georgia but also in a small part of Tennessee and Alabama. In 1832 the Cherokee state attempted to become recognized as an independent nation in the case known as Worcester vs Georgia. During this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the Georgia government did not have the power to rule the Cherokees. President Jackson however, did not enforce this ruling and ordered for the removal of the Cherokees from Georgia. When the Cherokees refused to leave the military was sent to force them out on the Trail of Tears (Jacksonian Democracy).
“Choose Another Topic.” History - The Leo Frank Case - GeorgiaInfo, georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/topics/history/article/antebellum-era-1801-1860/timeline-antebellum-era#1850-1860.
“Creek Indian Wars.” Access Genealogy, 15 Oct. 2016, www.accessgenealogy.com/native/creek-indian-wars.htm.
“Jacksonian Democracy and Modern America.” Ushistory.org, Independence Hall Association, www.ushistory.org/us/23f.asp.
"Jacksonian Democracy 1820-1840." Fileserver.net-texts.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2017.
http://fileserver.net-texts.com/asset.aspx?dl=no&id=134562
"The Chickasaw Mountain." Chickasaw Removal. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2017
https://www.chickasawpress.com/getattachment/201250e0-7e14-4620-9696-f93956a41b45
“Treaty with the Choctaws, 1820.” Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, www.choctaw.org/aboutMBCI/history/treaties1820.html.
“Treaty with the Choctaws, 1825.” Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, www.choctaw.org/aboutMBCI/history/treaties1825.html.
“Treaty with the Choctaws, 1830.” Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, www.choctaw.org/aboutMBCI/history/treaties1830.html
Research done with Anna Tucker
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