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William Shakespeare

Raphael Holinshed

Who was Holinshed?

What are the Chronicles?

First published in 1577, Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland was one of the great achievements of the Elizabethan scholarship and printing. The team of contributors scoured libraries to uncover hundreds of sources – some of which have not survived except within these pages. This was history in literature at its greatest. The Chronicles stretched from Britain’s legendary past to the major reigns of historical kings and queens. To include these events was looked at as controversial, even daring: history writing was a political act, and one government official commented that such matter was not to be published in such sort. — Therefore Holinshed took a major step in the world of literature by going above the norm; giving people a fresh and exciting storyline which writers were significantly bound to taking pieces of and incorporating to their own work.

When were the Chronicles written?

The Similarities and Differences

between the two works

Similarities

1. The setting is both in Scotland

2. The witches

Quote from Shakespeare Macbeth.

1 Witch: Where has thou been, sister?

2 Witch: Killing swine.

3 Witch: Sister, Where thou?

1 Witch: A sailor's wife had chestnuts in

her lap,

And mounch'd, and mounch'd, and

mounch'd: 'Give me,'

quoth I:

'Aroint thee, witch!' the rump-fed ronyon

cries.

[So they seek revenge]

1 Witch: And the very ports they blow,

And all the quarters that they know I' th' shipman's card. I'll drain him dry as hay...

3. Macbeth becomes Thane of Cawdor

(III.i.1-2)

BANQUO

Thou hast it now: king, Cawdor, Glamis, all,

As the weird women promised

Holinshed's Chronicles, Volume V: Scotland, page 269

of manie kings. But afterwards the common opinion was, that these women were either the weird sisters, that is (as ye would say) the goddesses of destinie, or else some nymphs or feiries, indued with knowledge of prophesie by their necromanticall science, bicause euerie thing came to passe as they had spoken. For shortlie after, the thane of Cawder being condemned at Fores of treason against the king committed; his lands, liuings, and offices were giuen of the kings liberalitie to Mackbeth.

Quote from Shakespeare play, Macbeth

BANQUO

O treachery! Fly, good Fleance, fly, fly, fly!

Thou may ’st revenge —O slave!(III.iii.19-20.)

Quote from Holinshed Chronicles. (Holinshed's Chronicles, Volume V: Scotland, page 271)

The woords also of the three weird sisters, would not out of his mind, which as they promised him the kingdome, so likewise did they promise it at the same time vnto the posteritie of Banquho. He willed therefore the same Banquho with his sonne named Fleance…

It chanced yet by the benefit of the darke night, that though the father were slaine, the sonne yet by the helpe of almightie God reseruing him to better fortune, escaped that danger: and afterwards hauing some inkeling (by the admonition of some friends which he had in the court) how his life was sought no lesse than his fathers, who was slaine not by chance medlie (as by the handling of the matter Makbeth would haue had it to appeare) but euen upon a prepensed deuise:* wherevpon to auoid further perill he fled into Wales.

5. Macbeth Fear

But to returne vnto Makbeth, in continuing the historie, and to begin where I left, ye shall vnderstand that after the contriued slaughter of Banquho, nothing prospered with the foresaid Makbeth: for in maner euerie man began to doubt his owne life, and durst vnneth* appeare in the kings presence; and euen as there were manie that stood in feare of him, so likewise stood he in feare of manie, in such sort that he began to make those awaie

(III.iv.42-45.)

The GHOST OF BANQUO enters and sits in MACBETH’s place.

MACBETH

Here had we now our country’s honor

roofed,

Were the graced person of our Banquo

present,

Who may I rather challenge for

unkindness

Quote from Shakespeare play, Macbeth

(III.iv.50.)

ROSS

Gentlemen, rise. His highness is not well.

6. Macbeth's confidence falls after he sees the Birnam wood moves

Quote from Macbeth (V.v.31-34.)

MESSENGER As I did stand my watch upon the hill, I

looked toward Birnam, and anon methought

The wood began to move.

MACBETH Liar and slave!

(V.v.37-51.)

MACBETH

If thou speak’st false,

Upon the next tree shall thou hang alive

Till famine cling thee. If thy speech be sooth,

I care not if thou dost for me as much.

I pull in resolution and begin

To doubt th' equivocation of the fiend

That lies like truth. “Fear not, till Birnam wood

Do come to Dunsinane”; and now a wood

Comes toward Dunsinane.—Arm, arm, and out!—

If this which he avouches does appear,

There is nor flying hence nor tarrying here.

I 'gin to be aweary of the sun,

And wish th' estate o' th' world were now undone.—

Ring the alarum-bell!—Blow, wind! Come, wrack!

At least we’ll die with harness on our back.

Holinshed's Chronicles, Volume V: Scotland, p277

the comming of Birnane wood to Dunsinane castell, was likelie to be now fulfilled. Neuerthelesse, he brought his men in order of battell, and exhorted them to doo valiantlie, howbeit his enimies had scarselie cast from them their boughs, when Makbeth perceiuing their numbers, betooke him streict* to flight, whom Makduffe pursued with great hatred euen till he came vnto Lunfannaine…

7. The outcome of the fight between Macbeth and Macduff

(V.viii.8-16.)

MACBETH Thou losest labor. As easy mayst thou the intrenchant air With thy keen sword impress as make me bleed. Let fall thy blade on vulnerable crests; I bear a charmèd life, which must not yield To one of woman born.

MACDUFF Despair thy charm, And let the angel whom thou still hast served Tell thee, Macduff was from his mother’s womb Untimely ripped.

Holinshed's Chronicles, Volume V: Scotland, p 277

But Makduffe quicklie auoiding from his horsse, yer* he came at him, answered (with his naked swoord in his hand) saieng: "It is true Makbeth, and now shall thine insatiable crueltie haue an end, for I am euen he that thy wizzards haue told thée of, who was neuer borne of my mother, but ripped out of her wombe:"

Differences

But

Did Shakespeare

plagiarized Holinshed?

Yes, we believe that Shakespeare did plagiarized Holinshed.

1. Character Description

Took Characters

Influences

Conclusions

versus

Raphael Holinshed

By: Anthony, Alvira, Alyssa and Nerizza

Raphael Holinshed was an English Chronicle that was well known by his works, Holinshed Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland.

He was born in Circa 1529 to a Cheshire family and died around 1580. He lived in London till 1560 and was then employed to being a translator by Reginald Wolfe, who was preparing a universal history.

Shakespeare improvised on Holinshed`s characters to make expand the characters for his story. The reason why is because Shakespeare had his own stories, so he wanted to make it better so he got references from Holinshed to make the story better.

Holinshed Chronicles and Shakespeare work both have similarities. Their similarities are: the setting, the characters and the plot line. We believe that Shakespeare plagiarized because he improvised the characters, Shakespeare remade the main characters in his own way as well he was influenced to take sources from the Chronicles since the Chronicles was the only source that can be inferred to about the kingdom of Scotland and he combined the events of his time to create the play, Macbeth.

Holinshed's Chronicles, Volume V: Scotland, p 273

4. The Prophecy of Banquo's Descendents

Examples of the Chronicles

Quote from the Holinshed Chronicles

In Shakespeare play, Macbeth is known as the brave warrior. While in Holinshed Chronicles, Macbeth was known as the gentlemen in the play.

The complete and unchanged edition of the Holinshed Chronicles was 1587. It was published in six volumes (1807-1808) when Henry Ellis edited the Chronicles and given the title of Holinshed's Chronciles of England, Scotland and Ireland.

The texts of the first and second (1587) editions were refined by order of the Privy Council. It included the deleted entries from the second edition that were published separately in 1723.

Why do we think Shakespeare plagiarized Holinshed?

In the Chronicles, the witches are described to fearies which are suppose to be beautiful creature while in Shakespeare play, the witches are women with ugly features to them. In Shakespeare play, Banquo identifies the witches by saying that he doesn't think the witches are even women by their beards. This gives Shakespeare play a more dark feel to it that adds onto the play.

Shakespeare plagerized by taking the characters from Holinshed and used them to create his play.

Duncan (Duncane)

Macbeth (Makbeth/Mackbeth

Shakespeare was inspired by Holinshed

Chronicle work. Holinshed work was more of a historic writing that has characters such as Banquo and Fleance. Shakespeare was inspired to used the Historic time during Shakespeare time and use Holinshed's story to create Macbeth. Shakespeare to inferences from Holinshed to create a dramatic pure of producing a more exciting story, creating a more complex characterization of Macbeth and using the political purpose of catering to the beliefs of Shakespeare king at the time, King James the First. An example of how Macbeth changed from the Holinshed Chronicles was that Macbeth used the kings to have a divine power to being a king and thatit will be a sinsite crime to all humanity if the king was murdered.

Shakespeare used the same character for King Duncan in the play.

In the Chronicles, Duncan was a character that had a soft,gentle and compassionate personality as a king.

In Shakespeare play, Duncan is similar to Holinshed's King because he is also has a caring and compassionate personality as a king.

In Holinshed's Chronicles, Macbeth was sent by King Duncan to kill Macdonwald. This makes Macbeth seem more courageous but in Shakespeare play, Macbeth find Mackdonwald and kill him in battle.

Shakespeare improvised Holinshed's Macbeth by creating a stronger tragic hero.

Makbeth was "a valiant gentleman, and one that if he ha dnot béene somehwat cruell of nature, might haue béene... woorthie [of] the gouernement of a real me."

Banquo (Banquho)

Macbeth and Banquo defeated Macdonwald.

In Holinshed's Chronicles Banquo was an accomplice to Duncan's Murder. While in Macbeth play, Shakespeare presented Banquo as an honest and noble character. Shakespeare portrays Banquo as the victim in the story and makes him as the FOIL character that makes Macbeth look bad when Macbeth had Banquo murdered.

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