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-When the Han Dynasty broke apart (220 CE) Buddhism became more important and Sanghas were formed
-From China it spread to Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and Tibet, translation of texts
helped with this
-At this point Buddhism
had been adapted with
China’s influence
-Monks such as Faxian
and Xuanzang brought
Buddhist scriptures
-Slow decline since high
point Tang dynasty
-Burma: Asoka’s monks arrived before Burmese (monks inhabited), later converted King Anawratha (1056 CE) when Burmese established a kingdom
-Thailand: their ruler, Rama Khamheng converted to Buddhism (about 1300 CE) as did his people
-Cambodia: influenced by India, both Hinduism and Buddhism were main religions until King Jayavarman converted in 1327 CE, Cambodia became mostly Buddhist, and still is
-Laos: King Jayavarman’s daughter married ruler of Laos
-Asoka: Ruler of Mauryan Empire in India
-Had harmed many Kalingas while establishing Empire, decided to become Buddhist
-Sent out many missionaries to as far as Syria, Greece, and Egypt
-Began to obtain followers throughout Asia
-Mahinda: Asoka’s son, and a monk
-Carried to Sri Lanka and their king, Tissa converted in 247 BCE
-Faded after Muslim invaders arrived in 1200 CE
-Prince Siddhartha Guatama, born 563 B.C.E in India
-Lived life of luxury, married and had a child
-Went out one day and saw suffering, old man, ill man, corpse
-Left wife and son
-For many years was ascetic and worshipped, then realized that wasn’t the right way either
-He became enlightened saying there was a “Middle Way” between his two lives
-“The middle way”, balancing life’s extremes, moderation
-Four Noble Truths:
-Suffering exists, There is a reason, There is a way to end, You can end through the eightfold path
-Eightfold Path:
-Right Views, Right Intentions, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, Right, Concentration
-Buddha formed Sanghas composed of Buddhist nuns and monks
-Began in North India
-Buddha preached first teachings in Sarnath, India
-Two Branches eventually formed: Mahayana, Theravada, later other sects formed as well like Vajrayna (Tibetan)
-Currently there are about 2.2 billion Christians (2010)
-3.3 million Buddhists (2009)
Christianity
-While Buddhism originally does not have any god, Christianity does
-Both had different sects develop
-Both are now spread all over the world
-However, Christianity has many more followers
-Both follow teachings of an individual
-In Buddhism one can become a Buddha, but one cannot become Jesus
-Christianity began as a sect of Judaism, whereas Buddhism just began as its own religion
-Both appealed to lower classes and women
-God had promised that a savior known as the Messiah would arrive in the kingdom of the Jews
-Sometime around 6 to 4 B.C., Jesus was born in the town of Bethlehem and raised in Nazareth
-Jesus traveled and taught, in many towns, of the relationship between God and humans; he gained many followers, apostles
-When Jesus died, his body disappeared from the tomb, the apostles became more convinced he was the Messiah
-It was from this belief that Jesus came to be referred to as Jesus Christ (meaning the savior)
-Jesus’ teachings did not contradict Jewish law, and his first followers were Jews
-His apostles continued the religion
-Christianity first arrived in North Africa in the 1st or early 2nd century AD when St. Mark, a Christian born in Africa, established a church in Alexandria
-Once in North Africa, Christianity spread slowly West from Alexandria and East to Ethiopia
-In the 4th century AD, the Ethiopian King Ezana made Christianity the kingdom’s official religion
-Christianity was a main Roman Empire religion
Christians didn’t worship Roman gods/rulers, this was opposition to Roman rule
-The Romans began to persecute the Christians, but they continued to practice Christianity
-In 312 CE Constantine, a Roman Emperor, accepted Christianity
-At this point each major city had a priest
-Peter was a respected priest in Jerusalem
-Christianity had become the official religion of the Roman Empire
-Paul, a convert, said Christianity was for Jews and non-Jews
-Then Christianity began to spread all over Europe
AP World History Theme: Cultural and Intellectual Developments and Interactions among and within society
-Different societies interacted and transferred and changed the ideas of Buddhism and Christianity
-For example, China changed Buddhism
AP World History Theme: Change and Continuity
-Buddhism has many parts that have stayed constant
-However, some different forms of Buddhism have developed over time
-The same is true of Christianity, different branches have different beliefs, but have similar core values
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