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http://www.ancient.eu.com/babylon/

http://www.livius.org/ba-bd/babylon/babylonian_empire.html#Kassite

Middle Babylonian Period

http://www.bible-history.com/babylonia/BabyloniaHistory_of_Babylonia.htm

  • In the year 1126 the Kassite kings were replaced by the rulers of the Second Dynasty of Isin.
  • Nebuchadnezzer I who was the King of Babylon from 1126-1104 advanced to Elam and retrieved the statute of Marduk that was taken by the Kassites.
  • Even after taking Babylon back over from the Kassites, the Aramaeans come in and attack Babylon, overthrowing them and making Babylonian cities independent again instead of together.
  • After this second overthrow of Babylon, the Chaldaeans, who are related to the Aramaeans, become "babylonized," meaning they have given into Babylon's way of living.

Nebuchadnezzer I

Nabopolassar's son Nebuchadnezzar

Nabopolassar the founding father of the Babylonian empire died in 605 and his son Nebuchadnezzar came into power and continued the expansion to the west.

During Nebuchadnezzar reign he captured Jerusalem and had its population deported to Babylon which led to the beginning of the Babylonian Captivity of the Jews.

Tyre and the rest of the west was captured by Nebuchadnezzar.

Nebuchadnezzar ruled from 605-562, which is much longer than the other kings from his family who came after his death.

Nebuchadnezzar

Nebuchadnezzar Palace

Neo-Babylonian Period

Assyrian Period

Babylonian empire

Kassite Period, Middle Babylonian Period, and Assyrian Period

Nebuchadrezzar II

  • In the year 616, Nabopolassar began to fight against the Assyrians, but they were forced to retreat because of the Egyptian army coming to help the Assyrians.
  • In the year 615, the Medes, fought against the Assyrians and captured their city. Nabopolassar arrived late to battle and did not get to fight with the Medes.
  • There was a treaty signed between king Nabopolassar of Babylon and king Cyaxaras of Medes. This treaty was cemented with a royal wedding between Nebuchadnezzer of Babylon and Amytis of Medes.
  • After the death of the Assyrian king, Assurbanipal in 627, two of his relatives, Sin-sumlisir and Sin-sar-iskun became governors of Babylon.
  • This did not last for very long because of a Babylonian soldier named Nabopolassar. Nabopolassar had once fought in the Assyrian army but got out to start his own kingdom.
  • When Nabopolassar became king on the 23 of November 626, this is said to have been the beginning of the Neo-Babylonian Empire according to the Babylonian chronicle known as ABC 2.

Babylonian Empire

The centuries 1100 and 800 are considered "the dark ages," but after this recession, the Assyrians rise to power. Even though the Assyrians were in power, king Tiglath-pileser III thought of a solution to keep both kingdoms happy. He formed a "double monarchy" with the two countries leading to a personal union.

This "double monarchy" didn't work very well. The Babylonians took their independence under king Merodach Baladan.

Babylon was lead to a second revolt but found themselves being defeated by Assyrian leader Sennacherib, who sent the Babylonians to Nineveh. However, in the year 648, the Babylonian king revolted against Assyria and won. This victory happened because of Assyria's involvement in other wars, it weakened the Assyrian army enough for Babylon to take over.

Sennacherib

Merodach Baladan

Tiglath-Pileser III

Kassite Lioness

  • The Kassites take over Babylon in the fifteenth century. The Kassites were made up of several nomadic tribes that lived in the valleys of Zagros which is now called Luristan. The invention of agriculture is said to have started here because of the fertile soil.
  • In the seventeenth century BCE, the Kassites attacked Mesopotamia, which was being ruled by Hammurabi of Babylon.
  • The Kassites reasoning for attacking Babylon was the loss to the Hittite king Mursilis. This infiltration allowed the Kassites to take over Babylon until the twelfth century.

Kassite Dog

Old Babylonian Period

Code of Hammurabi

King Hammurabi

The Code of Hammurabi

Hammurabi's code on 8ft tall stone

  • Babylon first comes on the scene in the world after the fall of the empire of the third dynasty of Ur.
  • Following the fall of Ur, a group of people called the Amorites conquered three cities known as Isin, Larsa, and Babylon.
  • Isin was the smaller of the three and was soon eliminated which left Larsa and Babylon as the two dominant cities.
  • In 1792-1750 BC Hammurabi takes over as king of Babylon.

Old Babylon

  • The name Hammurabi means either: "the kinsman is a healer," "paternal kinsman," "healer"
  • Hammurabi was the sixth king of Babylon of the first Babylonian dynasty from 1792BC to 1750BC
  • Hammurabi became king after inheriting power from his father, Sin-Muballit. This power was essentially Hammurabi's father being too old to rule anymore so the kingdom was handed over to him

Hammurabi

Hammurabi is best known for the first written code of law in recorded history. Hammurabi's code was written on an 8ft tall stone monument that was placed in the center of a public place. This code contained 282 laws, that were written by scribes on 12 tablets. It was written in Akkadian, which was the original language of Babylon.

A little more on Hammurabi's code...

Hammurabi receiving code from Marduk

The structure of the code was very clear to those who could read it. When a crime was committed, the accused would be punished and sometimes that resulted in death. The "law of retaliation" was in effect meaning; if you gouged out someones eye then you who gouged his eye out would in turn get one of your eyes gouged out.

The idea of presumption of innocence was established in this code; the accused and accuser has the opportunity to provide evidence for their case.

Xerxes I

A "brief" history of the rise and fall of the Babylonian empire:

  • Babylon was the most famous city of ancient Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
  • Babylons name is the Greek form of Babel of Babili, which means "the gate of the god", in Semitic. When Babylon first rose to power, the god that was worshipped was Marduk. Marduk is said to be the son of Ea, the patron god of Eridu.
  • The earliest proof of Babylons existence comes from a dated tablet of the reign of Sargon of Akkad.
  • After Babylon becomes a dynasty, Hammurabi rises and creates his own empire in Babylon.
  • Tiglath-pileser III of Assyria took over Babylon and destroyed the city.
  • Babylons recover was under Naboplassar and through him we get the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
  • Naboplassar's son, Nebuchadrezzar II made Babylon one of the wonders of the ancient world.
  • Soon after the rebuilding of Babylon, Cyrus I of Persia takes over and once he dies we get Xerxes who destroys the temple of Marduk and takes over the city.

Sargon of Akkad tablet

"The Rise and Fall of Empires"

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