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The First Partial Face Transplant

After Mutilation

Procedure Background

  • 8-10 hours of surgery, 10-14 days
  • Donor: Brain-dead patient (could have also been cadaver)
  • Face molds to facial skeleton
  • Drugs prevent rejection/grafting

Conference in France

Isabelle Dinoire

  • 2004

The Surgery

  • Triangle of face taken from donor
  • Grafted to patient
  • Grafting: moving tissue from one site to another, w/o blood supply
  • Patch on chest
  • France: November 27, 2005
  • Dog mutilated her face
  • Nose, lips, chin, cheeks

Post Surgery

  • Surgeons chose patient most likely to benefit
  • Complications:
  • Kidney Failure
  • 2 rejection episodes (1 month, 1 year)

Immunosuppressant Regimen

Rejection

  • Repress immune system
  • Help fight tissue rejection
  • Side effects:
  • Weak immune system
  • Kidney Failure
  • Required for Life
  • Skin has HLA antigens and alleles
  • Identical twins have same HLA antigens
  • New skin may be considered foreign, immune system attacts
  • T lymphocytes
  • Sloughs and discolors

Controversy

The New Face

  • Happy with results
  • No mask anymore
  • Not her face
  • Can smile again
  • Full facial sensitivity

New Doors

  • 2006: China, bear, partial
  • 2007: France, tumor, partial
  • 2010: Spain, shooting, first full
  • 2010: France, first full with tear ducts and eyelids

Risks

  • Rejection
  • Life Expectancy
  • Availability
  • Psychological Issues
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