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POST-COLONIAL LITERARY THEORY

Bibliography/

Works Cited

The Term Post-Colonial...

  • Post-Colonial expresses the literal meaning of being the period after colonialism.
  • The definitions given by theorists of post-colonial value the same idea, but express different matters.
  • Post-Colonial Literary Theory: The response towards unequal power through interpretation of stories, and representing issues of cultural and social defiance.

Ashcroft, Bill. On Post-Colonial Futures: Transformations of Colonial Culture. London: Continuum, 2001. Print.

Brydon, Diana. Postcolonialism: Critical Concepts in Literary and Cultural Studies. London: Routledge, 2001. Print.

Eagleton, Terry. "In the Gaudy Supermarket." London Review of Books. Harvard, June 1999. Web. 05 Nov. 2013.

Morton, Stephen. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. London: Routledge, 2003. Print.

Newton, John. Contemporary Literature , Vol. 42, No. 2, Special Issue: American Poetry of the 1990s (Summer, 2001), pp. 413-428

Said, Edward W, and Patrick Williams. Edward Said. London: Sage, 2001. Print.

Singh, Amardeep. "Amardeep Singh: An Introduction to Edward Said, Orientalism, and Postcolonial Literary Studies." Amardeep Singh. Associate Professor of English at Lehigh University, n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2013.

"Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty." Postcolonial Studies Emory. Database.emory.edu, n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2013.

Wald, Margaret. "Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman Brown”: A Postcolonial Reading." . Bedsford St. Martin, 13 Sep 2002. Web. 5 Nov 2013. <http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/virtualit/fiction/criticaldefine/postcolessay.pdf>.

"Welcome to the Purdue OWL." Purdue OWL: Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism. Purdue Online Writing Lab, 21 Apr. 2010. Web. 05 Nov. 2013.

Wisker, Gina. Postcolonial and African American Women's Writing: A Critical Introduction. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000. Print.

Young, Robert. Postcolonialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. Print.

Why Post?

The factor of Post-colonial being after colonization

is because it is the criticism of what the world was before described in literature, and the analysis of the effects society has had on literature. It is also the perception of the new wave of rule being compared to that of the times before.

Interpretation in short stories...

In Literature...

Post-colonial literary theory has been used to interpret:

  • Stories with feminist views
  • Racial issues
  • Civilizations and their hierarchical roles.

"The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven"

The representative article "Sherman Alexie's Autoethnography" suggest that "The post-colonial tend to come across here like the Lone Ranger and Tonto, slugging away in a ritualized turf war whose stakes from some angles might in fact appear rather trivial. The protagonists, of course, are stereotypes: a post colonialism global and homogeneous, and a version of post-modernism which tends to mean (in this debate) simply that which allows no political agency".

"Young Goodman Brown"

The mission

The representative article “Young Goodman Brown”: A Post-colonial Reading, states that "The loss of Goodman Brown’s hope, charity, and faith and the gloom of his end foreshadow the same in Puritan society. The Puritans made financial success the product of divine grace and a sign of future salvation. But their success came at the expense of their Christian values and the ideals on which their society was based via the wholesale destruction of native civilizations on the continent". The article suggested that "Hawthorne’s story is more than a single man’s struggle with temptation. It is also representative of the Puritan undertaking generally. Both young Goodman Brown’s journey and the Puritan undertaking result in error and failure".

Eye On The target

Postcolonialism describes a changing world, one that has changed by struggle and hopes to further change with the practice of its followers.

Using the subtle demand of equality and well-being of humans, through subjects such as literature.

The goal is to also make the concept known and be further represented by others.

  • Post-colonial focuses on people in society whose cultural identity has been disrupted by the power of colonization.
  • It also focuses on the relationship between the colonizers and those being colonized, and how the colonized resist their oppressors.

Their Vision

  • To show the world that countries around the world are still being incorrectly informed about foreign cultures and different ideological perssepectives

The Theorists...

  • For there to be a world where all genders, race, cultures look at each other as equals.
  • To inform their readers and the rest of the world of the issues that these issues of social dominance and discrepancy exist.

Gayatri Spivak

  • Best known in post-colonial studies for her essay "Can the Subaltern Speak?".
  • The term 'Subaltern’- important contribution to post-colonial literary theory because it provides a flexible term for theorists to use when categorizing research.
  • The 'Subaltern' is not meant to merely represent the oppressed but rather those who have limited or no access to cultural imperialism/colonialism.
  • Spivak believes that we must change existing western theoretical concepts that limit our field of research and our perspective.

Edward Said

  • Best known for his book Orientalism, and his role as a pioneer of post-colonial literary studies.
  • "Orientalism"- a key term widely used in PC literary theory.
  • Originally a term used to identify with eastern artistic culture.
  • Represents a concept developed by Edward Said to help explain the relationship between Western and 'Non-Western" societies.
  • Non-Western (primarily Middle Eastern, Asian and North African) societies.
  • He believed that in order to grasp an idea of PC literary theory one must look at the world from a metropolitan point of view.

  • To create a world where cultures and society can look at each others and to get over the colonial theory of violence.

Frantz Fanon

  • Best known for his book "The Wretched of the Earth", and pioneering anti and post-colonial theory .
  • Values National innovations in culture.
  • Believed that European culture...
  • Stays stagnant and doesn't want to change
  • Stalls the development of their colonized people
  • Denies colonized men their humanity

photo credit Nasa / Goddard Space Flight Center / Reto Stöckli

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