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HT HOMEWORK - SUBJECT KNOWLEDGE CNN QUESTIONS

Post-Stalin Thaw 1953-1956

Berlin Crisis

Task: Work in threes/fours using the information you gathered over HT on US foreign policy

  • Put together a convincing narrative that US foreign policy was or was not conciliatory in the given chronological time frame (1 person to draw on board)

1) Conciliatory

A) Eisenhower's first term 1953-1956

B) Eisenhower's second term 1957-1960

C) JFK 1961-1962

2) Aggressive

D) Eisenhower's first term 1953-1956

E) Eisenhower's second term 1957-1960

F) JFK 1961-1962

Conciliatory

Eisenhower's 1st term 1953-1956

Eisenhower's actions less damaging than rhetoric

- Desire to reduce military spending (New Look and Massive Retaliation partly a response to this)

- Desire to end increasingly unpopular stalemate in Korea

- Less vulnerable to 'soft on communism' attacks

- In practice wanted to continue 'containment'

1953 Korean Armistice

1954 - McCarthy censured by Congress

1954 - Eisenhower unwilling to send troops to help French at Dien Bien Phu - Geneva Conference confirms French withdrawal from Vietnam

1955 - Acceptance of unified and neutral Austria

1955 'Geneva Spirit' - Geneva Conference proposes some arms agreement and IKE calls for 'open skies' agreement - cultural exchanges agreed

1956 - Hungary - no US retaliation

1958 - Spy Plan data reveals clear US nuclear supremacy

1959 - US invite NK to USA - generally successful visit

1958-1961 - No US intervention in Berlin (Soviet sphere)

JFK 1961-1962

JFK's 'Liberal' Rhetoric

Co-operative spirit at Vienna Summit 1961

Eisenhower's Hawkish Rhetoric

- Eisenhower + Dulles talk of immoral containment and instead 'roll back' of communism

- 'New Look' policy based upon ideas of brinkmanship and massive retaliation

1953 - US back coup by religious groups to overthrow left-wing Mossadegh gment

1954 Eisenhower 'Domino Theory' speech

Eisenhower props up new 'anti-communist' ROV + forms SEATO

1954 - CIA coup ousts democratically elected Arbenz gment in Guatamala

McCarthyism at its height 1950-1954

1955 Geneva - rejection of proposals for dismantling of WP and NATO and reunification of Germany

1956 Geneva - no concrete agreements

1957 - Eisenhower Doctrine outlined - re. US intervention in Middle East

1958 - US intervention in Lebanon

1959 - US react with horror at nationalist revolution in Cuba and impose sanctions (forcing Castro to turn to Soviets)

1960 - Paris Summit collapses due to US spy plane being shot down by Soviets over Soviet air space

1960 Operation Mongoose (CIA) created to overthrow Castro

Kennedy elected - desperate not to seem 'soft on communism' he wins the election on a 'tough on communism' pledge. In his inaugural address 1961 JFK uses liberal rhetoric to send tough message out to Soviets - America will "pay an price" to ensure the "survival of liberty"

Kennedy + young technocrat McNamara increase involved in Vietnam (NSAM 52)

1961 - CIA sponsored invasion of Cuba - 'Bay of Pigs' fiasco - ends in humiliating defeat

JFK avoids invading or bombing Cuba but refuses to back down in CMC 1962

Were there any instances in which the US challenged the Soviet sphere?

Had US foreign policy changed dramatically since the Truman days?

Conclusion - did the US embrace the thaw?

TABOO

Work in pairs

Split the cards between you (without looking at them)

One person must get the other person to say what is on the card without using the words on the card

Quickest pair wins

HOMEWORK - PRINT OUT MODEL ANSWERS SENT ROUND VIA EMAIL (CAN PRINT PP IF YOU WANT AS WELL)

BRING IN BOTH A3s for ASSESSMENT!

US FP During the Post-Stalin Thaw

Eisenhower's 2nd term 1957-1960

To what extent did the US follow a conciliatory foreign policy toward the Soviet Union during the post-Stalin thaw 1953-1962?

1962

1953

Threatening

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