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HT HOMEWORK - SUBJECT KNOWLEDGE CNN QUESTIONS
Post-Stalin Thaw 1953-1956
Berlin Crisis
Task: Work in threes/fours using the information you gathered over HT on US foreign policy
1) Conciliatory
A) Eisenhower's first term 1953-1956
B) Eisenhower's second term 1957-1960
C) JFK 1961-1962
2) Aggressive
D) Eisenhower's first term 1953-1956
E) Eisenhower's second term 1957-1960
F) JFK 1961-1962
Conciliatory
Eisenhower's 1st term 1953-1956
Eisenhower's actions less damaging than rhetoric
- Desire to reduce military spending (New Look and Massive Retaliation partly a response to this)
- Desire to end increasingly unpopular stalemate in Korea
- Less vulnerable to 'soft on communism' attacks
- In practice wanted to continue 'containment'
1953 Korean Armistice
1954 - McCarthy censured by Congress
1954 - Eisenhower unwilling to send troops to help French at Dien Bien Phu - Geneva Conference confirms French withdrawal from Vietnam
1955 - Acceptance of unified and neutral Austria
1955 'Geneva Spirit' - Geneva Conference proposes some arms agreement and IKE calls for 'open skies' agreement - cultural exchanges agreed
1956 - Hungary - no US retaliation
1958 - Spy Plan data reveals clear US nuclear supremacy
1959 - US invite NK to USA - generally successful visit
1958-1961 - No US intervention in Berlin (Soviet sphere)
JFK 1961-1962
JFK's 'Liberal' Rhetoric
Co-operative spirit at Vienna Summit 1961
Eisenhower's Hawkish Rhetoric
- Eisenhower + Dulles talk of immoral containment and instead 'roll back' of communism
- 'New Look' policy based upon ideas of brinkmanship and massive retaliation
1953 - US back coup by religious groups to overthrow left-wing Mossadegh gment
1954 Eisenhower 'Domino Theory' speech
Eisenhower props up new 'anti-communist' ROV + forms SEATO
1954 - CIA coup ousts democratically elected Arbenz gment in Guatamala
McCarthyism at its height 1950-1954
1955 Geneva - rejection of proposals for dismantling of WP and NATO and reunification of Germany
1956 Geneva - no concrete agreements
1957 - Eisenhower Doctrine outlined - re. US intervention in Middle East
1958 - US intervention in Lebanon
1959 - US react with horror at nationalist revolution in Cuba and impose sanctions (forcing Castro to turn to Soviets)
1960 - Paris Summit collapses due to US spy plane being shot down by Soviets over Soviet air space
1960 Operation Mongoose (CIA) created to overthrow Castro
Kennedy elected - desperate not to seem 'soft on communism' he wins the election on a 'tough on communism' pledge. In his inaugural address 1961 JFK uses liberal rhetoric to send tough message out to Soviets - America will "pay an price" to ensure the "survival of liberty"
Kennedy + young technocrat McNamara increase involved in Vietnam (NSAM 52)
1961 - CIA sponsored invasion of Cuba - 'Bay of Pigs' fiasco - ends in humiliating defeat
JFK avoids invading or bombing Cuba but refuses to back down in CMC 1962
Were there any instances in which the US challenged the Soviet sphere?
Had US foreign policy changed dramatically since the Truman days?
Conclusion - did the US embrace the thaw?
TABOO
Work in pairs
Split the cards between you (without looking at them)
One person must get the other person to say what is on the card without using the words on the card
Quickest pair wins
HOMEWORK - PRINT OUT MODEL ANSWERS SENT ROUND VIA EMAIL (CAN PRINT PP IF YOU WANT AS WELL)
BRING IN BOTH A3s for ASSESSMENT!
US FP During the Post-Stalin Thaw
Eisenhower's 2nd term 1957-1960
To what extent did the US follow a conciliatory foreign policy toward the Soviet Union during the post-Stalin thaw 1953-1962?
1962
1953
Threatening