Branches of linguistics

Linguists:

Linguists are interested in all languages of the world and in all the varieties that are found.

The study of language (language is still in its development)

Branches of linguistics

Note:

Language is not merely used to communicate ideas but also to communicate our opinion of others and of ourselves.

EX. "Hello" can reveal that the speaker wishes to be friendly and informal.

Sociolinguistics:

Related to linguistics

Psycholinguistics:

*The speaker's language reveals information on his sex, approximate age, regional perhaps

ethnic origins, education and attitude to his listener.

This branch of linguistics concentrates on language in society, in other words, it tries to study the effects of language use on society and how people use language in their society.

This branch deal with the relationship between

language and the mind, focusing mainly on how

language is learnt, stored and occasionally lost.

The basic premise of sociolinguistics:

Language:

Language can be understood as an interplay

of sound and meaning.

Psycholinguistics attempt to understand dysphasia, dyslexia and aphasia.

Language is variable, development and changing. As a result, language is not homogeneous — not for the individual user and not within or among groups of speakers who use the same language.

Aphasia: When we cannot remember the word for something.

Note:

EX. When we say "put that in the fridge" when we mean the oven or cupboard.

( Fridge, oven and cupboard they are all nouns, all receptacles for food, all in the kitchen and all with large doors.)

Language cannot exist in any full sense without people + language serve the need of their speakers.

Lingua franca:

A language systematically used to make communication possible between people not sharing a mother tongue, in particular when it's a third language distinct from both mother tongues.

The phenomenon of language

learning by children:

Mind has two aspects: 1-acquisition. 2-performance.

Code-switching: The practice of moving back and forth between two languages or between two dialects or registers of the same language. (occurs far more often in conversation than in writing)

How did language arise?

1-Behaviourism.

2-Mentalism.

*There are similarity between lingua franca around the world, between different ages and different social and so on

How children acquire or learn language?

There is no specific answer, but it may began by human's using of a system of sound or drawing or knowledge.

To be clear, to be respect, to be more close

EX. Borrowing: saying "Bueno bye" (Spanish and English) instead of "Goodbye" (English) or "Buenos dias" (Spanish)

Child of five can acquire or learn language , without any difficulty, learnt to control a language that no mature linguist can fully explain.

How old is language?

Note:

Less than 6000 years ago.

The field of linguistics and psycholinguistics since then has been defined by reactions to Chomsky, pro and con. The pro view still holds that the human ability to use language is qualitatively different from any sort of animal ability.

(we have no comprehensive or

totally satisfactory grammar of any living language.)

colloege of of Languages and Translation

Language acquisition steps:

English department

1-Babbling.

2-One-word.

3-Two-words. 4-Questions and negatives.

5-Child is potential speakers.

References:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics/ From Wikipedia. Linguistics.

http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA

http://www.pbs.org/speak/speech/sociolinguistics/sociolinguistics/ Sociolinguistics Basics.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycholinguistics/ From Wikipedia. Psycholinguistics.

.http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A

From Wikipedia.

http://arabionline.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_22.html M. Toha , Aji Triatna

http://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/codeswitchingterm.htw Nordquist, Richard . Code switching

An introduction to linguistics, By Loreto Todd.

Arwa Albakri

Nora Alshammari