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Augustus as Pater Patriae

Obligations of the Patronus (Patron)

Obligations of the Cliens (Client)

Literally - "Father of the Fatherland"

"The relationship of the subject masses to the emperor approximated to that of clientes to a powerful patronus"

"When Augustus took the title Pater Patriae in 2 BCE the whole empire became almost clients under his 'fatherly' protection"

  • Legal & business counsel/aid

  • Sportula (dole) - A regular monetary handout

  • Free meals

  • Gifts & Resources - land/land rights, livestock

  • Political support

  • Daily Greetings

  • Respect

  • They would also act as an escort, clearing people out of the way in a crowd.

(Geza Alfoldy, 1985)

Horace

Social Structure of Roman Society

Questions

  • Maecenas: Patron to Horace and “patron of the arts”

  • Horace was not like other clients

  • He had social status – apartment and 3 slaves

  • Obligations: letter carrier and performed other commands

  • Mutual respect

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Horace

Sources

Simple Definition

A hierarchical, yet mutually beneficial relationship, which was common throughout Roman society, between a patron of high status and his clients of low status.

  • Maecenas - A roman diplomat who was a wealthy patron to Horace and generally considered a “patron of the arts”.

  • He was not a typical client - he gave up his previous job as a quaestor to write poetry. He lived in an apartment and had 3 slaves

Alfoldy, G. (1985). The Social Systems of the Early Empire. In D. Braund

& F. Pollock (Trans.), The Social History of Rome. Totowa, New Jersey: Barnes & Noble Books.

Clients & Patrons. (n.d.). Retrieved October 6, 2015, from http:/

www.therthdimension.org/AncientRome/Clients_and_Patrons/clients_and_patrons.html

Etrusia - Roman History. (n.d.). Retrieved October 6, 2015, from http://romans.etrusia.co.uk

roman_patrons.php

Garnsey, P., & Saller, R. (2015). The Roman Empire: Economy, Society,

and Culture (2nd ed.). Oakland, California: University of California Press.

MacMullen, R. (1974). Roman Social Relations: 50 B.C. to A.D. 284. New

Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.

Reckford, K. (1959). Horace and Maecenas. Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological

Association, 195-208. doi:10.2307/283704

Roman Social Class and Public Display. (n.d.). Retrieved October 6, 2015, from http://www.vroma.org

~bmcmanus/socialclass.html

Shelton, J. (1998). As the Romans Did: A sourcebook in Roman Social

History (2nd ed.). New York, New York: Oxford University Press.

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Horace

Horace's obligations to Maecenas:

Patron-Client Relationships

By: Nick Johnson & Emily Koller

“Nine months later you asked me back and bade me to join your group of friends. For me the great thing is that I won the regard of a discriminating man like you, not by having a highly distinguished father but by decency of heart and character” (satire 1.6 pg 27)

CNE 230: Make 'Em Laugh

  • Carry letters for Maecenas & perform other commands

  • However, Horace and Maecenas shared a mutual respect for one another, which is quite evident in the text.

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7 October 2015

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