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Introduction:

General/Guiding Questions:

Conclusion

The Japanese folding screen, or byobu, made it’s way from Japan to New Spain through the Manila Galleon Trade during the 16th and 17th centuries. As the screens reached both Spain and New Spain, they underwent specific changes to adjust and adapt to both the European and Colonial lifestyles. As a result, one can see a cultural hybridization in the New Spanish biombos as well as a new colonial artistic style.

  • What were the uses of the byobu in Japan?

How did the Manila Galleon Trade impact the Spanish colonies?

  • What was the Spanish fascination with the Far East?

How was the byobu first received at the Spanish court and what were the Europeans first impressions of the screens?

  • How was the biombo used in New Spain?
  • How did the biombo change or adapt from the Japanese form to fit the colonial lifestyle?

What can we say about the relation between the Manila Galleon Trade and the changes seen from Japanese byubos to Spanish biombos?

Painted Screens in Japan: Byobus

Styles and Characteristics:

  • Beauty and Versatility, aesthetic appeal and utilitarian function
  • Format
  • 6 panels
  • Height
  • Creation
  • Subjects
  • Artistic rendering

Painted Screens in Japan: Byobus

Manila Galleon Trade:

Why Manila?

  • Capital of Philipines, colonized by Spanish
  • Unification of Spanish and Portuguese crowns 1580
  • Link between Asia and Americas

Uses:

  • Gifts
  • Home
  • Art
  • Room Division
  • Privacy

Manila Galleon Trade:

Why New Spain?

  • Silver and Silk
  • Wealth and Culture of Consumption

view of the viceroy's palace in mexico city, 1660

Manila Galleon Trade:

Painted Screens in New Spain: Biombos

Painted Screens in Spain:

Spanish Fascination with the Far East:

  • Rarity
  • Mexico City as international trade center

Antonio de Morga:

  • lawyer from Seville
  • Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas

Cultural Context:

  • Wealth, Trade, Opulence, Consumption
  • "exquisite objects"
  • Hakesura Mission

Stylistic Changes:

  • More panels, less rigid design
  • Secular themes
  • Large-scale figures
  • Tapestry-like borders

Uses:

  • Churchs
  • Works of Art
  • Salon del estrado

Hapsburg tradition of collecting curiosities from the Far East:

  • Portuguese trade centers
  • Philip IV

Philip II:

  • Japanese Ambassadors
  • Pope Gregory XIII

Uses:

  • Gifts
  • High esteem

View of the Viceroy's Palace in Mexico City, 1660

folding screen with Indian Wedding and Flying Pole, 1690

Painted Screens and the Manila Galleon Trade

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