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How Comparative Biochemistry Supports the Theory of Evolution
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Transcript
by: Amanda, Gianna, and Bria
Comparing the changes made in sequencing of various organisms over time helps determine their origin, ancestors, relatives, and the details of how the species evolved.
1. S. Blair Hedges. "The Origin and Evolution of Model Species" http://www.hedgeslab.net/pubs/140.pdf
2. Hiroshi Hori and Syozo Osawat. "Origin and Evolution of Organisms as Deduced from 5s Ribosomal RNA Sequences" http://ir2.nul.nagoya-u.ac.jp/jspui/bitstream/2237/6573/1/ot3222.pdf
3.http://www.edhsgreensea.net/Biology/taters/taters_images/amino_sequence.gif
4. http://secularpsychedelic.webs.com/photos/Evolution/Bear-Raccoon_Lineage.jpg
How Comparative Biochemistry Supports the
Theory of Evolution
Works Cited
Discoveries
- recognition of eubacteria and archaebacteria and as two distinct domains.
- human and chimpanzee's similar characteristics suggest divergent evolution.
- eukaryotes evolve quicker than prokaryotes
- after the seperation from Pteridophyta, the ancestor of seed plants evolved from two groups
Conclusion
Purpose
- used to estimate phylogenetic relationships and divergent evolution
- phylogenetics is the study of comparative biochemistry
- comparing evolutionary change among species based on their DNA/protein sequences
- DNA sequences are used for relatively recent events
- protein sequences are used for more ancient events
- used to find common ancestors
- evolutionary change of RNA and DNA sequences is roughly proportional to evolutionary time
Concept
- many scientists observe changes in DNA or protein sequences to trace an organism back to its ancestors
- mutations that have occurred have caused organisms to evolve into other organisms
- other species have evolved due to gradualism
- over time, as a result of changes in sequences, some species have gone extinct and others have evolved into new species
- the tree of life was derived mostly from the small subunit rRNA gene6
- most prokaryote phylogenies have been constructed by analyzing the sequences of the small subunit rRNA gene
- phylogenic trees of life are diagrams showing evolutionary relationships between various species
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