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Evolution of Animated Films

in America

CGI (Computer Generated Imagery) is the process used for generating animated images by using computer graphics. Modern computer animation usually uses 3D computer graphics, although 2D computer graphics are still used for stylistic purposes and faster renderings.

The sodium vapor process - technique for combining actors and background footage.

  • Sets, characters, and props are all made.

  • Objects and characters are moved in small increments.

  • Each movement is shot as a frame.

  • When played all together, it seems as though the objects are moving.

  • Commonly used with claymation or puppet-based animation.

3D computer graphics (in contrast to 2D) use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data. 3D computer generated models begin as vector points and wireframes, where they are later given a three dimensional exterior to which various textures can be applied.

Stop Motion Technique

“a variation on drawn-animation techniques that uses puppets or other three-dimensional objects. To give the appearance of life on film when projected at the normal 24-frames-per-second speed, subjects are moved minimally between shots as they are being photographed.”

Mary Poppins is a special effects triumph, a tour de force of technical tricks that not only combines live action with animation, but also is the culmination of everything that Disney had learned to do to that point.

Coraline (2009)

Directed by Henry Selick

  • Spent 18 months in pre-production, and 20 months shooting.

  • There were more than 28 animators rehearsing or shooting scenes at one time.

  • With a length of 1hour and 40 minutes, and 24 frames per second, Coraline had 144,000 frames taken for the entire movie.

  • 90-100 seconds of finished film were produced each week.

  • First stop-motion movie released in 3D

Fun Fact

Pixar originally wanted to rehash the 3D models used in the previous film (Toy Story 2), but due to an “error” message on their computers, they were forced to recreate each model again from scratch. It was because of this setback, that Pixar thought it would be interesting if some of the toys from the earlier two movies did not make a return.

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Fun Facts

  • All puppets, costumes, sets, props, etc. were made from scratch, with extras made just in case they tore or broke.

  • 28 Coraline puppets were made. It took 3-4 months and 10 people to make one.

  • Multiple arms and heads were made for proper movement and facial expressions.

  • Over 130 sets were built.

Some of the tricks included stop motion photography, running the film backwards, and wire works. Celluloid sorcery was provided by filming the live actors in front of a sodium vapor process screen.

  • With five wins out of 13 nominations in total, this film marked Walt Disney's single most successful night at the Academy Awards. Never before or since, as of 2006, has a single Disney film won as many Oscars in one evening.

  • At the time, the most expensive film produced by the Disney Studios.

Fun Facts

  • At the beginning, over five hundred dwarfs were created.

  • Ink drawings were done by the ladies

  • Dopey was the most famous dwarf and received thousands of fan mails.

  • The scene in which Snow White lies in her glass coffin was influenced by the film Romeo and Juliet (1936).

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1938)

  • First full-length animated film featured in motion picture history.

  • It took three years to make the film and it spent one and a half million dollars.

  • Required more than three million drawings and 250,000 celluloids were used.

  • Nationwide release on February 4, 1938, and international earnings of $8 million

  • It was re-released to theaters in 1952, 1958, 1967, 1975, 1983, 1987 and 1993

Hand-drawn technique

Hand-drawn animation, also known as the traditional animation, is a technique where each frame is drawn by hand.

The hand drawings are divided into four different categories:

  • sketch
  • detailed pencil drawings
  • ink drawings
  • background drawings.

Moviola

Ink drawings on celluloid

Background drawings

Gross/Budget Records

  • Toy Story 3 is the third animated movie to be nominated for an Academy Award for “Best Picture”, only behind Beauty and the Beast and Up.

  • As of today, it is the only animated movie to surpass the $1 billion mark in profits, which not only made it the highest grossing film of 2010, but also the highest grossing animated film ever.

  • The film also had the largest budget count for an animated movie, costing $200 million to produce. In 2011 however, this amount was also reached with Pixar’s release of Cars 2.

Rolando Garcia, Danielle Rose, Anyer Garcia, Lei Wang, & Jessica Garcia

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