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Leonin and Perotin- School of Notre Dame- Organum

Workcited

http://www.medieval.org/emfaq/composers/perotin.html

http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p%C3%A9rotin-mn0001556372

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/452414/Perotin

The Beginning:Léonin

Organums

School of Notre Dame

Organums are immensely long and intricate

• it used plainchant melodies in long note values in the lowest voice, with

faster-moving voices layered above the plainchant

• plainchant is monophonic vocal music in the medieval church designed to

project religious text

• these polyphonic works preserved the plainchant in the lowest voice, even

while embellishing in the upper voice

Pérotin

Leonin: organum duplum

  • Perotin, also called Perotin the Great was born around 1160 and passed in 1230
  • Used techniques such as voice exchange where voices trade phrases
  • French composer of sacred polyphonic music, who is believed to have introduced the composition of polyphony in four parts into Western music.
  • Nothing is known of Pérotin’s life, and his identity is not clearly established. He worked probably at the Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris, and his compositions are considered to belong to the Notre-Dame, or Parisian, school, of which he and Léonin are the only members known by name.

  • Leonin was born around 1150 and died somewhere around 1201
  • Credited with compiling the Magnus Liber Organi- The Great Book of Polyphony
  • Uses all styles of Organum
  • Florid sections sound like a series of drones with elaborate passages on top
  • Uses discant organum where the chant is most melismatic
  • Changes organum style where the original chant changed it’s style.

Not a “school” in the physical sense ,but more of

a style of writing organum developed by composers at the Notre Dame cathedral in Paris.

Revealing the earliest surviving polyphony that is composed and read from notation and contains more than two voices.

Only two composers came from this school and they were Léonin and his student Pérotin.

Perotin - Viderunt Omnes

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