Argentina's Independence
M. Savinov and A. Montgomery
José de San Martin
July 9, 1816
More Causes and Challenges
- imminent collapse of Spain
- claims of loyalty
- well-educated elites
- cultural isolation of regions
- 4 main centers
Independence
Causes of the Argentine Revolution
Economic, Political, Ideological
The Great José de San Martin
Argentina's Liberator
- Class Structure
- "The sun now rises in the West" (Burns 70). - Sebastiao da Rocha Pita
- Enlightenment Ideas
- Mercantalism
- Isolation from Spain
- Napoleon
- "the Saint with a Sword"
- Lower middle-class profession soldier
- Delivered independence 3 times
- Would not participate in civil wars
Ending Thought
“[Each of the seven Liberators] possessed of exceptional qualities: [...] Jose de San Martin’s precision, strategic skill and intelligence [...]. Each in his own way was also possessed of formidable charisma and ability. And each man was genuinely motivated by idealism and a desire to do his best for his own people. [...] Their own fates seemed to foreshadow the terrible suffering to come: [...] San Martin died, a broken man, after more than two decades in exile [...]. The men who came after were not of the same stamp.” (Liberators: Latin America’s Struggle for Independence 517-518).
Works Cited
More Effects
Political Development
Political
Stability
Independence formally
declared
Napoleonic
invasion of Spain
The Battle for Independence
Constitution
Junta created
San Martin
resigns
Burns, E. Bradford. Latin America: A Concise Interpretive History. 5th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1990. Print.
Harvey, Robert. Liberators: Latin America's Struggle for Independence, 1810-1830. Woodstock, NY: Overlook, 2000. Print.
Henderson, James D., Helen Delpar, Maurice Philip Brungardt, and Richard N. Weldon. A Reference Guide to Latin American History. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2000. Print.
Keen, Benjamin, and Keith Haynes. "Chapter 8: The Independence of Latin America." A History of Latin America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2004. N. pag. Print.
Tenenbaum, Barbara A., and Georgette M. Dorn."Argentina." Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. 1996. Print.
Pre and Post San Martin 1823
San Martin's Victories
- mercantilism gone, but economies remain subjected
- economies driven by other nations
- social reforms
- more social fluidity
- abolition of Mit'a and encomienda
- titles of nobility and inquisition removed
- more liberal ideas
- formation of republics, rather than monarchies
- More development and changes to come . . .
San Martin
- May 1810: first Argentine congress
- Junta attempted to consolidate its control
- 1813: “United Provinces of La Plata”
- 1816: Army of the Andes
- 1817: Crossing the Andes
- 1820: Peru
- only monarchy could bring stability
- Conference with Bolivar on July 26 and 27, 1822
- 1822 September: resignation as protector
- 1823-1824: Political Stability
- 1813 - attempt to write constitution
- 1815 - Estatuto Provisional, transitory government
- 1819 and 1826 - Constitution + centralization + monarchy in mind = issues
- 1829 to 1832, 1835 to 1852 Dictatorship, Juan Manuel de Rosas
- 1853 - With some revision (1957) permanent Constitution formed
- 1949 - Péron's charter -> 1955 fell from power -> 1853 Constitution