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Approximant Consonants (Liquids and Glides)

Voiced Palatal Liquid

  • Contact along posterior lateral margins of palate in Quadrants 3 and 4
  • More contact than for rhotic quality vowels (rhotic = "r" sound)
  • May also have contact with posterior portion of alveolar ridge

Voiced Alveolar Liquid

Dark

  • Tongue-palate contact along alveolar ridge
  • Contact is narrower than that of alveolar stops /t/ and /d/
  • Dark /l/: vowel-like component occurring post-vocalically
  • Light /l/: reaches up to touch the tip of the teeth in dental region occurring pre-vocalically

Light

Approximant Consonants

  • Vowel-like sounds
  • Vocal tract constriction narrower than for vowels but not as narrow as stop or fricative consonants
  • Sometimes referred to as "semivowels" for the closeness to vowels
  • Glides: sound produced with a change in articulation from more constricted to less constricted (have a corresponding vowel)
  • Liquids: approximant consonants that do not require a change in articulation in order to be identified auditorily

Voiced Palatal Glide

  • Looks similar to vowel /i/, but may have slightly more contact in some speakers
  • Characterized by broad contact along lateral and velar margins of palate with absence of contact along midline
  • Very vowel-like in production
  • Corresponding vowel is /i/

Voiced Labial Velar Glide

  • Tongue-palate contact along posterior corners of palate in Quadrants 3 and 4
  • Extent of contact directly influenced by surrounding vowels
  • Most energy is vowel-like at low frequency end of spectrum
  • Corresponding vowel is /u/
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