Education from 1910-1919

The 1910s were a decade of great change for America...

America was first

considered a world leader

during this decade.

The National Association for the

Advancement of Colored People

(NAACP) was formed in 1910.

1910-1919:

Significant Events in Education

1912 - Edward Thorndike extends

his theory of animal intelligence to

human learning in his book,

Education: A First Book.

1912 - Louis W. Stern

develops the concept of IQ

(intelligence quotient).

1914 - Smith-Lever Act established

the Cooperative Extension Service,

mandating cooperation between

the Department of Agriculture and

the land-grant universities.

1915 - Led by John Dewey,

American Association

of University Professors (AAUP)

addresses academic freedom in

Declaration of Principles.

1919 - International Federation

of University Women (IFUW)

is created with associations

from eight countries.

1919 - British report says that

adult education should be universal,

lifelong, and citizenship-building.

1910 - 1919

Lisa Smith

Decade Presentation

ADED 5510: Adult Education Movement, U.S.A.

University of Wyoming

Spring 2010

Issues faced in the 1910s included:

Progressive Era

Women were striving

for equality.

1890 - 1913

Era of Change and Reform

• Immigration and poverty
• Labor and monopoly battles
• Work safety and child labor problems
• Women's right to vote
• World War I (1914 - 1918)

The first suffrage parade

was held in 1910.

In the 1890's, the belief that Americans should

avoid getting involved with other countries was slowly fading.

Because of its rapid economic and social growth,

the U.S. had become a major world power.

-- www.americaslibrary.gov

The 19th amendment to the U.S. Constitution

was ratified to allow women to vote in 1919.

Constitutional Changes

16th Amendment (1913)

17th Amendment (1913)

18th Amendment (1919)

19th Amendment (1920)

Allowed Congress to

impose an income tax

Allowed the direct

election of Senators

Established Prohibition

in the United States

Gave women the

right to vote

(passed House and Senate in 1919)

(repealed in 1933 by

21st Amendment)

Education

American Events

The Americanism Era

Decade Facts

Presidents

1916 - American Educational

Research Association (AERA)

is founded.

1916 - National Defense Act

"called for soldiers to receive

both military training and

education to prepare for jobs

in civilian life" (Stubblefield &

Keene, 1994, p. 181).

Industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and the closing of the

frontier evoked a variety of responses, but many believed that America

needed an ideology to strengthen unity. They found this ideology in

"Americanism..."

In the presidential campaign of 1916, the chief issues were war and war

preparedness. Candidates called for 100 percent Americanism and for

nationalizing America...

In the Americanism era, adult education became an instrument of

national purpose, an agency for character building, cultural conformity,

and opinion formation...

This era would prove to be a watershed for adult education in America.

-- Stubblefield & Keene, 1994, p. 180

1916 - John Dewey

publishes his book,

Democracy and Education.

• Population: 92,407,000
• Life Expectancy: Male - 48.4; Female - 51.8
• Average Salary: $750/year
• National Debt: $1.15 billion
• Divorce: 1/1000
• Milk: $0.32/gallon

Source: Whitley, P. (1999). American Cultural History - The Twentieth Century: 1910-1919.

http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade10.html

William Howard Taft

(1909 - 1913)

Woodrow Wilson

(1913 - 1921)

1919 - Alvin Johnson,

Charles Beard, Thorstein Veblen,

John Dewey, and others found

the New School for Social Research.

1917 - Smith-Hughes

Vocational Education Act

promotes education in

agriculture, industry,

home economics and trades.

The New School "was to be an

experiment in educational liberalism"

with a principle focus "on the study of

humankind and its present predicament"

(Moreland & Goldenstein, 1985, p. 212).

The New School "attempted to attract those

adults who wished to venture into new fields

of study that had been previously neglected.

The mission of the New School was to provide continuing education for the educated" (p. 219).

Congress created the Federal

Board for Vocational Education

to administer the Act.

"In 1919, 86% of all

students in federally funded

vocational schools were part-time"

(Stubblefield & Keane, 1994, p. 148).

References

Moreland, W. D., & Goldenstein, E. H. (1985). Pioneers in adult education. Chicago, IL:

Nelson-Hall Publishers.

Progressive Era. (2010, February 21). Retrieved February 21, 2010, from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Era

Schrugurensky, D. (2008). History of education: Selected momemts of the 20th century.

http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/research/edu20/moments/

Retrieved February 21, 2010, from

Stubblefield, H. W., & Keane, P. (1994). Adult education in the American experience:

From the colonial period to the present. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons.

Whitley, P. (2008). American cultural history - the twentieth century: 1910-1919.

Retrieved February 21, 2010, from

http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade10.html