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BY: ZAHRA SYEED, AREEJ GHAZENFER, AND ADAM ALKHATEEB

BIOTIC FEATUREs

These are the living parts of the ecosystem including:

- Decomposers

- Animals

- Plants

- Bacteria

OXYGEN

There is generally a very high level of wind in the tundra. Wind speeds often reach 48–97 km/h. Cold air rushes down from the North Pole and sweeps through the tundra. The tundra does not have any trees to slow down the winds.looks like clear and breathable

WATER

ABIOTIC FEATURES

In the North Pole the water is both fresh and saltwater the water is anything but warm, it usually stays around 30° F, which is often significantly warmer than the air above the ice. Some of this heat makes its way through the ice to the air, moderating temperatures somewhat. Also, even in winter areas of open water are present in the pack ice, allowing more ocean heat to escape into the air.

SOIL

The non-living parts of the ecosystem including:

- Water

- Soil

- Oxygen

- Sunlight

ANIMALs

Poor quality soil = low vegetation

Soil gets nutrients from animal droppings

Remains frozen short ways underground, this underground layer is called permafrost

Plants can’t grow deep roots because the soil is frozen = no trees in the tundra

Helps plants grow

Does not allow plants to grow more than 3 inches tall ( not enough nutrients)

Purpose:

To help plants grow

The soggy ground gives mosquitoes a perfect breeding place for them to reproduce

Temperature

White wolves:

eat musk oxen, caribou and arctic hares. They also eat lemmings, birds and ground squirrels so there’s no overpopulation, their dung provides nutrients for the plants, they look like white-wolves

Summer

Winter

32 Degrees F (0 C)

Snowy Owl: able to live in the Arctic year round. This owl is covered with feathers from head to toe to protect it during the severe cold winter.

Lemming is their main source of food. They feed on other small animals (ground squirrels, hares, birds ). When there is little food to be found, the owl leaves the tundra and flies further south, then returns in the spring to nest. The snowy owl may lay more than ten eggs if there are plenty of small animals to feed the young owls.look like white owls with large yellow eyes and a black hooked beak

-40 Degrees F (-40 C)

HUMAN IMPACT

BACTERIA

Global warming

  • Water levels are increasing because ice is melting.

Achromobacter: look like little rods

Flavobacterium:rod shaped, found in soil and freshwater in a variety of environments

DECOMPOSERS

In the arctic there are many decomposers such as

  • Foxes and other scavengers are the most visible
  • Soil bacteria
  • Some fungi
  • Ravens
  • Gulls
  • Earthworms
  • Maggots

Decomposers are organisms that break down organic materials

PLANTS

Plants:

Bearberry purpose:

Fruits can be eaten

Tea can be used to cure cough

Tea from stem can prevent miscarriage

Leaves can be added to tobacco or substitute for it

Tea leaves help kidney and bladder problems

AND MORE!

Description:

Stem rises 2-8 inches off the ground

Has thin bark

Leathery oval leaves

Flowers petals are pink or white

Only bloom March to June

Has red berries that bears love to feast on

Diamond leaf willow Description: ( known by the inupiat name “sura” )

“The twigs are soft and bend easily. Thin branches”

They have narrow leaves

It creeps on the ground in a thick blanket and only grows a few inches tall

Clusters of flowers that look white, fuzzy caterpillars and are 1 inch long

Looks like a bumpy, fuzzy blanket on the ground

Purpose:

Used in seal oil to add vitamins

Used in tea and soup for flavoring when dried

!0 times richer in vitamin C than oranges

Rich in vitamin A and calcium

Good source of vitamins for people and animals in tundra

Twigs used to make baskets

Some produce charcoal = gunpowder

Starts fire

Provides needed food for grazing animals like the muskoxen, caribou, and reindeer

SUNLIGHT

Present 24 hours in the summer

Summer is only 6-10 weeks

Sun does not rise for weeks in the winter

Causes snow and ice to melt and form soggy marshes + bogs

Deeper parts stay frozen , layer called permafrost

ARCTIC TUNDRA (NORTH POLE)

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