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BIOTIC FEATUREs
There is generally a very high level of wind in the tundra. Wind speeds often reach 48–97 km/h. Cold air rushes down from the North Pole and sweeps through the tundra. The tundra does not have any trees to slow down the winds.looks like clear and breathable
WATER
ABIOTIC FEATURES
In the North Pole the water is both fresh and saltwater the water is anything but warm, it usually stays around 30° F, which is often significantly warmer than the air above the ice. Some of this heat makes its way through the ice to the air, moderating temperatures somewhat. Also, even in winter areas of open water are present in the pack ice, allowing more ocean heat to escape into the air.
SOIL
The non-living parts of the ecosystem including:
- Water
- Soil
- Oxygen
- Sunlight
Poor quality soil = low vegetation
Soil gets nutrients from animal droppings
Remains frozen short ways underground, this underground layer is called permafrost
Plants can’t grow deep roots because the soil is frozen = no trees in the tundra
Helps plants grow
Does not allow plants to grow more than 3 inches tall ( not enough nutrients)
Purpose:
To help plants grow
The soggy ground gives mosquitoes a perfect breeding place for them to reproduce
Temperature
Summer
Winter
32 Degrees F (0 C)
Snowy Owl: able to live in the Arctic year round. This owl is covered with feathers from head to toe to protect it during the severe cold winter.
Lemming is their main source of food. They feed on other small animals (ground squirrels, hares, birds ). When there is little food to be found, the owl leaves the tundra and flies further south, then returns in the spring to nest. The snowy owl may lay more than ten eggs if there are plenty of small animals to feed the young owls.look like white owls with large yellow eyes and a black hooked beak
-40 Degrees F (-40 C)
HUMAN IMPACT
BACTERIA
Global warming
Achromobacter: look like little rods
Flavobacterium:rod shaped, found in soil and freshwater in a variety of environments
Plants:
Bearberry purpose:
Fruits can be eaten
Tea can be used to cure cough
Tea from stem can prevent miscarriage
Leaves can be added to tobacco or substitute for it
Tea leaves help kidney and bladder problems
AND MORE!
Description:
Stem rises 2-8 inches off the ground
Has thin bark
Leathery oval leaves
Flowers petals are pink or white
Only bloom March to June
Has red berries that bears love to feast on
Diamond leaf willow Description: ( known by the inupiat name “sura” )
“The twigs are soft and bend easily. Thin branches”
They have narrow leaves
It creeps on the ground in a thick blanket and only grows a few inches tall
Clusters of flowers that look white, fuzzy caterpillars and are 1 inch long
Looks like a bumpy, fuzzy blanket on the ground
Purpose:
Used in seal oil to add vitamins
Used in tea and soup for flavoring when dried
!0 times richer in vitamin C than oranges
Rich in vitamin A and calcium
Good source of vitamins for people and animals in tundra
Twigs used to make baskets
Some produce charcoal = gunpowder
Starts fire
Provides needed food for grazing animals like the muskoxen, caribou, and reindeer
SUNLIGHT
Present 24 hours in the summer
Summer is only 6-10 weeks
Sun does not rise for weeks in the winter
Causes snow and ice to melt and form soggy marshes + bogs
Deeper parts stay frozen , layer called permafrost