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Conclusion:

  • 18th century English gardens were designed around the need to create from natural terrain
  • Political power was the underlining reason for extravagant landscapes
  • Into the 19th century women grew independence within the English gardens

Changes with Female involvement:

Examples:

  • early 19th century literates encouraged women to garden
  • "Lady Gardener" schools were created
  • More jobs were created for females to garden
  • Mary Wollstonecraft
  • Celia Fiennes
  • Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
  • Hannah More
  • Queen Caroline - Consort of George II

Frontispiece, The Lady's Recreation (1707). In Charles Evelyn, The Lady's Recreation Edition of 1717.

Queen Caroline

Mary Wollstonecraft

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu

Questions:

  • Does the development of landscape and gardens still hold a strong political and social importance?

  • During the course of the 18th century gardens became feminized, this could be seen as both an advantage or a detriment to women. What do you think?

18th century gardener and landscape designer

The Role of Women in 18th Century English Gardens

Class:

  • Aristocratic men dominated landscape designs
  • Only men could partake in tours throughout Europe
  • Upper Class women only toured English Gardens
  • Politically powered women could establish personal gardens

The Cultural Significance:

  • Gardens were a display of wealth and status
  • Men focused on the grand picture, whereas the women took more interest in the flowers and shrubbery.
  • 'Exotic' plants soon came to occupy English land

Our Focus:

Pagoda at Kew Botanical Gardens, 1761, designed by William Chambers

  • Cultural Importance
  • Redesigning the garden
  • Class Differences
  • Influential female gardeners
  • Gardening gave women a sense of purpose
  • It was a private place where they could go to reflect on life
  • There were negative connotations that went with women spending too much time in the gardens

A Brief History:

  • Middle ages = gardens were a source of food and medicine
  • 17th century civil wars = women were not allowed to be involved in gardening
  • 19th century = gardens were an escape from city life
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