Rizza Thesis

Statistical

treatment

plant

sample

Based on the ANOVA results, the null hypothesis is rejected as there is a significant difference between the variables. On the other hand, based on Tukey Test, there is no significant difference between the insecticidal effects of the positive control and the 5% coumarin spray. There is a significant difference between the effect of the positive control and the 1% & 3% formulation. There is a significant difference between the insecticidal effects of negative control and all the concentrations of the formulation. It takes 12hrs for the coumarin spray to be comparable to the insecticidal effect of Baygon spray.

They all have latex and a unique

flower structure. A significant

percentage is succulent and they are

mostly originating from Africa

and Madagascar.

Euphorbia splendens or E. milli

Biological

Family Euphorbiaceae

Christ plant and Corona de Espina

testing

Test

organisms

Results show that both the 5% concentration exhibits comparable mortality rates to the positive control after 12 hours of exposure, while the negative control shows nearly no effect. At 1% and 3% concentration, the spray exhibits moderate insecticidal activity over the period of observation achieving only half of the total percent mortality against cockroaches.

• American cockroach (Linnaeus),
• largest of the common peridomestic cockroach
• measuring 35–40 mm in length
• shiny reddish to chocolate browncolour.

• The egg case measures 8–10 mm and contains 16 eggs.

stability

Mean volume of 10 pumps: 2.16 mL

Mean volume of each pump: 0.2 mL

statement

of the problem

• What are the phytochemical constituents present
• in the leaves extract of Crinum asiaticum (Bakong)?
• What are the instrumentations or methods that will be used to test coumarin from the leaves extract of Crinum asiaticum (Bakong)?
• At what concentration of the spray formulated with coumarin from the leaves extract of Crinum asiaticum (Bakong) will exhibit insecticidal effect against Periplaneta americana (American cockroach)?

• Is there a significant difference between the insecticidal effect of the experimental control (Coumarin solution) with the positive control (Boric acid) and negative control (Water) against Periplaneta americana?
• Is there a significant difference between the insecticidal effect of the experimental control (Formulated spray with coumarin) with the positive control (Baygon® Cockroach Killer) and negative control (Isopropyl alcohol) against Periplaneta americana?

results

Preparation of the Spray

Three concentrations (w/v) of spray were formulated: 1%, 3%, and 5% coumarin in isopropyl alcohol.

Polyethylene glycol will be used as preservative. The solution was transferred to a spray bottle.

The following amounts were used for 30 mL of each formulation:

POSITIVE RESULTS

Coumarin was found to be freely

soluble (1:3) in technical grade

isopropyl alcohol.

scope

& limitation

This research study on the insecticidal property of the leaves extract of Crinum asiaticum (Bakong) covers the following:

• Phytochemical screening of the extract
• Formulation of a spray with coumarin
• Determination of the properties of the spray
• Laboratory testing of the cockroach mortality of the spray
• Statistical analysis of the results

confirmatory

test

Thin Layer Chromatography

Coumarins react to form blue (UV 365 nm)

colored zones.

RF Value

RF is the distance travelled by

solute/distance travelled by solvent

RF =36/40

=0.925

=0.93

CONCLUSION

RECOMMENDATION

significance

Qualitative analysis of the phytochemical present in the filtrate was performed to determine the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoid, triterpenes, glycosides and heterocyclic nitrogen compounds. These are all components of coumarin according to literature. The 1%, 3%, and 5% coumarin in isopropyl alcohol sprays are flammable and susceptible to light and heat. All the formulations exhibited insecticidal effects. The 5% coumarin spray exhibited strongest insecticidal effect against American cockroach (Periplaneta americana). It exhibits almost complete insecticidal effect within 12 hours of exposure. It exhibits comparable effect to commercial insecticide, and has a significant difference from the negative control. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected. But based on Tukey’s Post Hoc Analysis, there is no significant difference between the insecticidal effects of the positive control and the 5% coumarin spray.

The researchers recommend the creation of a formulation and testing of highly pressurized aerosol or other dosage forms, more exhaustive studies on the effect and safety profile of the spray and field testing are also recommended. Uniformity of the cockroaches based on the age is also recommended through culture or rearing method. Additional stability testing and determination of the shelf-life are also recommended for future researchers.

isolation

flow

chart

collection

& preparation

Collection of

Plant Material

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Preparation of

Plant Material

Drying

Osteurization

Maceration