Modal Auxiliaries

Modal Auxiliaries

past regrets

contractor

right-hand man

scaffold

spinal cord

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Watch the film clip.

Fill in checkmarks on your sheet.

Write your own past regret sentences.

We made it!

Let's practice

Name 5 things you have to do daily.

no choice

Found the treasure at the end of part 1! Yay!

Name 5 things you should do daily.

choice

Name 5 things you don't have to do daily.

choice

not necessary

Name 5 things you shouldn't do daily.

choice - bad idea

Past Regrets

should

ought to

• for past regrets
• to criticize past actions

Recap

should/ought to + have + past participle

I should have gone to the party last week.

We should have bought a new car, not an old one.

He shouldn't have cheated on the test.

Let's practice!

necessity

Indirect Speech

NOTE: should stays the same

prohibition

• no choice

must, have to

mustn't

positive

She says, "You should go home and rest."

You mustn't eat in the computer lab.

I must work late tomorrow.

should/ought to

must/have to

She told me that I should go home and rest.

She mustn't wear her boots in the house.

I have to work late tomorrow.

choice

no choice

negative

necessity in the past

You must go to bed.

I should go to bed.

had to

shouldn't

don't/doesn't have to

Soldiers must obey the army regulations.

When I was in the army, I had to obey all the rules.

Soldiers have to obey army regulations.

When I was in the army, I must obey all the rules.

not a good idea

to do something

not necessary to do something

Moral Obligation

should, ought to

Modal Auxiliaries

should, ought to for advisability

can, may, must, shall, will

could, might, ought to, should, would

• same meaning of advisability
• expressing an opinion
• ought to - less common, no negative or question forms
• action in progress - use modal + be + present participle
• indirect speech, should does not change

expressing necessity

Advisability

same construction...

What's the difference?

• add meaning to a verb
• show the speaker's attitude

RECAP

• express necessity
• no choice

• must
• have to

should, ought to

I will go with you.

I might go with you.

I can go with you.

I should go with you.

I must go with you.

Let's search out the differences!

• not a real modal
• have/has

• less formal

• speaker is expressing an opinion about what to do
• "giving advice"

Let's Practice

Let's practice

• similar in meaning
• ought to is less common
• ought to is not usually used in negative form or questions

With a partner, say what you should and shouldn't do when you are learning English. Use ought to as well.

You should remember your homework.

a bank card

a shopping list

some letters

a dentist appointment card

a drycleaning ticket

an electric bill and a gas bill

a rental DVD

a broken cup and superglue

post

go

fix

collect

pay

buy

take back

pick up

We should stop by Grandma's house and say hello.

We shouldn't stop by Grandma's house and say hello.

Should we stop by Grandma's house and say hello?

for an event in progress...

Items on David's desk

use should/ought to + be + the present participle!

e.g.

You should read as much as possible.

You shouldn't translate everything.

My grandmother should be living close to her children.

My grandmother ought to be living closer to her children.

Talk about what David has to do today.

We ought to stop by Grandma's House and say hello.

We ought not to stop by Grandma's house and say hello.

Ought we stop by Grandma's house and say hello?

use have to/must