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After the Tang dynasty fell and regions were split up, a strong general named Taizu reunited China and declared himself the first Song emperor.
The Tang dynasty gained power through an aggressive military strike at the weakened Sui Dynasty, lead by the eventual first emperor of the Tang dynasty, Li Yuan. This once powerful Sui Dynasty was lead by an aggressive leader Yang Guang that caused revolts which weakened that empire, leading to its fall, and the rise of the Tang.
The Tang leaders established peace and prosperity through re-establishing China's vast bureaucracy.
In an attempt to establish peace and prosperity and fend of northern rivals, Song leaders tried to buy peace by sending precious silver, silk, and tea to the rivals, though this eventually didn't work in their favor.
The major key leader of the Song dynasty was their first, Taizu. Taizu re-united China a set up an empire that ended up lasting for a long three centuries.
Two major leaders shaped the history of the Tang Dynasty. These two leaders are Tang Taizong, and Wu Zhao. Tang Taizong, also known as Li Shimin became the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty when he took the throne in 626 AD after killing his brothers so he could be next in line for the throne. Taizong reformed law code and government organizations which eventually became models for all of East Asia. Wu Zhao, after climbing up the tiers of emperor's wives, she eventually became the chief wife, or empress. For a while she ruled from "behind the curtain" in place of her sickly husband, and finally gained power from one of his sons at age 65. She eventually lost power at age 80. Even after leaving the throne, Wu Zhao continued to build and expand China.
Some social, political and economic accomplishments of the Song were, establishing a grand new capital of Hangzhou and had rapid economic growth. The southern cities of the empire group rich from trade.
Tang rulers did many things throughout history, and accomplished many things. For example, they strengthened the central government of China while still expanding the vast network of roads and canals started by the empire before, the Sui. These rulers also reformed law code and government organizations which eventually became models for all of East Asia.
Throughout the course of their empire, the Song faced many challenges. Some of these challenges include the threat of the Jurchens to the north, and at one point making them retreat south across the Huang He river. Another problem the Song faced were some military troubles throughout their empire towards the end of their reign.
Some of the major challenges that the Tang Empire faced were rising costs of government, maintaining control over their vast empire, the constant threat of the Mongols, and towards the end of the empire, attacks and internal rebellions that chipped away that the power of the imperial government.
The main reason why the Song dynasty faced demise was after many years of conflict and fighting to keep their dynasty alive from invaders, after the death of the last emperor, moral was low and the last of the soldiers were defeated, ending the Song dynasty.
The Tang dynasty faced its demise after several attacks and internal rebellions broke down the central government. The final breaking point was reached in 907 when rebels attacked and burned the Tang capital and murdered the last emperor; a child.