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Free range chickens as defined by the USDA is that the producers must demonstrate to the Agency that the poultry has been allowed access to the outside.

Free range chicken as defined by The Humane Farm Animal Care is that there must be 2 sq. ft. per bird.  The hens must be outdoors, weather permitting, and when they are outdoors they must be outdoors for at least 6 hours per day.

Cage raised Chickens are contained in

in battery cages without access to the outdoors.

The organic label is tightly regulated. In order to qualify for this label, the chickens

1.. must be free-range (but not necessarily pasture-raised).

2. must be fed an organic diet. For example, if they are fed corn feed then the corn should be organic and there should be no synthetic pesticides used in growing that corn.

3. must not receive any hormones or antibiotics.

Pasture-raised chickens have the best living conditions among poultry farms today. They are not confined in cages or aviaries, spending most of their time outdoors where they have access to a natural diet of insects and worms.

Free Ranged Chicken Production

  • Free range hens are able to walk, spread their wings and lay their eggs in nests inside of a building.
  • They are not squeezed into small wire cages like battery hens.
  • They are allowed to run free in a confined space, such as a building.
  • They have the ability to lay eggs in nests, run and spread their wings just like pasture raised chickens.

Caged Raised Chicken Production

  • Cage raised chickens are housed with several hens in each cage.
  • Since there are so many chickens in one cage, they usually are stepping all over each other and injuring each other.
  • Their cages are suspended from the roof and are designed so that the eggs will roll out of the cage to a holding area

Pasture Raised Chicken Production

  • The difference between pasture raised and free range chickens are that pasture raised chickens are allowed to roam free on grass while free range are inside of a building.
  • The best types of eggs come from pasture raised chickens.
  • Chickens on pasture raised farms are able to eat insects and plants.

Organic Raised Chicken Production

  • Organic raised chickens live in either free-range systems or pasture raised systems.
  • They are encouraged to roam outdoors and express their natural behavior.
  • Organic chickens are fed a diet rich in organic cereals, which haven’t been produced using pesticides and is free of genetically modified (GM) foods.
  • They are not given routine doses of antibiotics that weakens an animal’s immune system.

• To sell organic eggs or poultry meat, birds must be fed and managed organically from the second day after hatching. All agricultural components of the feed ration, including kelp and carriers in feed supplements, must be 100% organic.

• Organic poultry producers must establish preventative livestock health management practices. Medical treatment cannot be withheld from sick animals or flocks to maintain the birds' organic status. The use of growth hormones, antibiotics, genetic engineering, and animal cloning is prohibited, as is the feeding of slaughter byproducts.

• Detailed records of all feeds, medications, and transactions must be maintained. Organic integrity must be protected by preventing organic birds and poultry products from coming in contact with prohibited substances or being commingled with non-organic products.

• All poultry must have access to the outdoors.

• in order to be certified for organic production of livestock or poultry, producers must use cultural, biological, and/or mechanical practices and employ ecological principles, such as natural resource conservation and recycling of resources.

• Section 205.237 of the Final Rule requires 100% organic feed for all organic poultry- Fields, including pastures used for organic poultry and lots used for outdoor access, must be certified.

• Organic poultry producers must establish and maintain year-round living conditions which accommodate the health and natural behavior of the birds, including:

• Year-round access for all birds to the outdoors, shade, shelter, exercise areas, fresh air, clean water for drinking, and direct sunlight, suitable to the species, its stage of life, the climate, and the environment;

• Appropriate clean, dry bedding (which must be organic if roughages are used for bedding); and

• Shelter designed to allow for:

- natural maintenance, comfort behaviors, and opportunity to exercise;

- temperature levels, ventilation, and air circulation suitable to the species; and

- reduction of potential for livestock injury.

Section 205.238 of the Final Rule requires that organic poultry producers must establish preventative health care practices, including:

• Selection of species and types of poultry that are suitable for site-specific conditions and resistant to prevalent diseases and parasites;

• Provision of a feed ration sufficient to meet nutritional requirements, including vitamins, minerals, protein and/or amino acids, fatty acids, and energy sources;

• Establishment of appropriate housing, pasture conditions, and sanitation practices to minimize the occurrence and spread of diseases and parasites;

• Conditions that allow for exercise, freedom of movement, and reduction of stress appropriate to the species (no caged laying hens, for example);

• Physical alterations as needed to promote the poultry's welfare, performed in a manner that minimizes pain and stress; and

• Administration of vaccines and other veterinary biologics.

• Feed must be free of any gene modified coponents, grown without use of synthetic fertizilers

• Chickens being allowed to range freely outdoors where they can eat whatever grass, weed seeds, insects and worms they choose.

• Producers must demonstrate to the Agency that the poultry has been allowed access to the outside (USDA)

• Do not enumerate a given amount of daily time during which the chickens must be "allowed access" to the outdoors, or the size of the outdoor space they may roam.

• confined to warehouses, where they may technically have access to a door that leads to designated outdoor area, but because of the mass crowding of birds – it is highly likely that many will never see the daylight during their extremely short lifetimes.

• Subjected to painful industry practices such as debeaking, which involves searing off the sensitive tip of the chicken’s beak without pain-killers.

• Fed grain mixture but can supplement diet with greens and insects

• Can roam (limited time) around a yard, shed, or enclosed chicken coop

• Recommendation of 4 square meters per bird outside

• No restrictions on antibiotics, vaccinations, forced molting

• Chickens are free to roam around a field where they collect their own food from insects and grasses – supplemented feed w/antibotics and other medicines

• Diets are supplemented by grain feed

• Chicks are vaccinated, and beaks trimmed

• Coops are placed on a pasture but surrounded by fence

• Moved to pasture at 2-3 wks of age

• Spends entire life in cage less the size of a paper (battery cages)

• Worst abused in agribusiness

  • They are looked after in smaller flocks
  • They have better access to fresh grass and air
  • They have more space in their houses
  • Free-range' hens laying eggs usually have their beaks trimmed to stop them from pecking each other
  • ‘Free-range' hens can be fed genetically modified (GM) crops like maize and soya.
  • Non-organic 'free-range' chickens can live in very large flocks which compromises their welfare and potentially their health

  • Pastured eggs come from hens that are left to roam around a field.
  • Pasteurized eggs are heat-treated, to lower the risk of salmonella contamination

  • The vast majority of egg-laying hens in the United States are confined in battery cages.
  • On average, each caged laying hen is afforded only 67 square inches of cage space
  • Caged laying hens are among the most intensively confined animals in agribusiness.
  • Caged hens also suffer from the denial of many natural behaviors such as nesting, perching, and dustbathing, all important for hen welfare.

Eating Organic is the most certain way to reduce your exposure to pesticide residues. Though organic doesn’t mean the chicken recieve

time outside or is a fully healthy chicken. It just means the chicken was fed organic produce

“Free-range” just means that the bird had access to outside , doesn’t mean they actually went outside or that they fed anything organic

or eat grass.

“Pasture Raised”

has 50% percent more contained significantly higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids vitamin A and Chickens will eat up to 30% of their

calories in grass. Vitamin A helps with: normal vision, the immune system, and reproduction. Omega-3 fatty acids helps regulate your

cholesterol triglyceride levels

the average U.S. adult now consumes about 75-80 pounds of chicken per year.

“Caged Chicken”

The air they breathe may not be fresh, no exercise, limit to the light they get, no way of being a fully healthy bird

  • Antibiotics can be used to treat a single animal with clinical disease or a large group of animals.
  • Antibiotic use plays a major role in the emerging public health crisis of antibiotic resistance. Due to normal genetic variation in

bacterial populations, individual organisms may carry mutations that render antibiotics ineffective, conveying a survival

advantage to the mutated strain.Chickens naturally produce hormones, which is why farmers shouldn’t put growth hormones in

them.. For example, resistant bacteria may be transmitted to humans through the foods we eat.

  • Some bacteria have become resistant to more than one type of antibiotic, which makes it more difficult to treat the infections they cause.
  • Preserving the effectiveness of antibiotic drugs is vital to protecting human and animal health

Economic

Nutritional

Environmental

Ethical/ Animal Welfare

Regulations

Biosecurity means:

  • Using common sense practices to protect your poultry and birds from all types of disease agents - viruses, bacteria, funguses, or parasites
  • Doing everything possible to protect your birds from infectious diseases like exotic Newcastle disease (END) and avian influenza (AI) and
  • Preventing disease-causing germs from entering your premises.

Safety

Safety for chickens relates to their health and well being. The diseases that effect chickens are the same no matter what housing they live in. Where the problem arises is there exposure to theses diseases.

While Cage free, organic and pasture rasied chicken are more prone to getting viral diseases and microbial disease because of the acess to outside and wild animals and insects that serve as vectors for diseases.

Cage raised Chicken have higher exposure for internal organ problems and diseases related to stress. Because of the close envirnoment that they are in and there lack of ability to do regular chicken habits.

One disease that has little to no effect on housing type is salmonella

Getting Started...

Free range vs Caged vs pastured raised vs organic

Pasture Raised

Organic

Chicken Housing Types

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