Paige Kudej

Spirit Lake Massacre

Smithland Settlement

(1) In 1856 settlers settled in northwest Iowa along the Little Sioux River and near the Okoboji lake region. Fort Dodge was the nearest location for provisions 80 miles away.(2) The Indians lived in teepees during the cold winter, so they would wander to find food and warmth from the settlers.(3) During the winter of 1856, Inkpaduta and the Scarlett Band settled along the Little Sioux River. The settlers suspected Inkpaduta and his gang of robbing their corn supply, so they took the Indian’s gun supply and told them to move South.(4) The band moved North instead and discovered many settlers with herds of cattle or pigs. All of the livestock near Milford Colony was shot and Inkpaduta’s two sons were destroying the cabins. Near Peterson, the Kirchner family had 20 people crowded into their cabin awaiting Inkpaduta’s arrival. They had been warned of his destruction. One of the Kirchner boys and dog stepped out to greet them.(5) The dog was shot immediately. The Indians were brought into the cabin as they demanded to be fed. The Indians also took all of the flour and meal.((6) As the 20 people returned to their homes, they discovered many things gone, animals killed, and horses taken.

The Memorial

Spirit Lake Massacre

The Prisoners

(1)Twenty days later, Abbie was presented to Governor Medary in St. Paul.(2)She returned to reunite with a sister, Eliza, who was away visiting at the time of the massacre. This reunion happened on July 5th.(3)Abbie later returned to the Gardner cabin to live there. The cabin was later reserved and a monument was placed in front of it in honor of Abbie Gardner.(4)Abbie wrote a book about this experience. Her book was entitled, The History of the Spirit Lake Massacre and the Captivity of Miss Abbie Gardner.(5)Inkpaduta moved into Minnesota and continued his fighting ways. He fought against white men in the Battle of Little Big Horn. He later died a blind man in Canada.

(1) Inkpaduta and the Scarlett Band continued to their favorite hunting grounds, Lake Okoboji. This was sacred ground to all Sioux Indians. The “Great Spirit” moved over the large body of water.(2) To their surprise, the number of white men cabins had grown from two to multiple cabins established on their sacred land.(3) The gang forced entry into the Gardner cabin where Abbie’s mother and herself prepared a plate for the intruders. They drove off all of the Garner’s cattle and shot them. The cabin door was barred.(4) Two white men were witness of this incident. Bertell Snyder and Dr. Harriot were shot before they could warn the other settlers.(5) The Gardners hid inside their cabin all day. When the Indians returned, Mr. Gardner fought them and was shot while reaching for the remaining flour for the warriors.(6) Mother Gardner and Mary were drug out and thrown in the snow. They were beaten by the butts of the Indians’ guns.(7) Abbie Gardner and the other children were huddled in a corner. Those children were pounced and killed, but before they turned on Abbie, they broke out in a wild dance breaking open trunks and ripping beds.(8) The Spirit Lake Massacre lasted six days. There were 43 settlers killed and four women were taken as prisoners: Abbie Gardner, Mrs. Marble, Mrs. Noble, and Mrs. Thatcher.

(1)After murdering and plundering the whole settlement, Indpaduta led his band into Minnesota.The women and girl carried the heavy packs through deep snow.(2)They were hungry, sick, and cold. Mrs. Thatcher became ill and couldn’t keep up. The Indians pushed her off into the Big Sioux River.(3) Ten days after the occurrence, Morris Markham came upon the lake settlement and empty cabins. He hurried back to Fort Dodge where they formed an 80 person posse to head back North.(4)By the spring, Inkpaduta and his band were settled in the Dakota Territory. Two strange Indians came into camp and offered to buy the prisoners.(5)Mrs. Marble was sold to them for a gun, blanket, and a few trinkets. The strange Indians who bought Mrs. Marble was part of the posse formed in Fort Dodge.(6)The final two prisoners were treated better, but Mrs. Noble was killed with a tomahawk when she refused to leave a teepee.(7)Abbie, 14, remained a prisoner. In June, the two Indians returned and bought Abbie for 12 blankets, 2 kegs of powder, 20 pounds of tobacco, 32 yards of squaw cloth, 37 ½ yards of calico, and trinkets.

Black Hawk

Black Hawk

(The start of the war)

Black Hawk

(before the war)

The government came to the Indians and told them they must move. The Indians did not agree with this, so they were offered $2234.50 in goods and an annual 1000.00 a year. This became the Treaty of 1804. The Indians moved to Iowa, but they saw a fort was built, so they thought the treaty was over. The Indians went on their annual hunting trip. They returned to Illinois because they thought the treaty was over and they could return to their original land. When they saw white men their they asked them to leave. Since the white men didn't they threatened them with violence. This scared them off. The white men told their governor and he decided to bring in the army, so they could retake the village.

The Army had forced the Indians to move back to the west of the Mississippi. They created a treaty called the "Corn Treaty". It stated that the Indians were not allowed to return to the east side of the Mississippi. The Indians settled in Iowa for two years, but missed their real home and decided to return. Though when they got there they were greeted by 1600 soldiers. Black Hawk refused to leave. This started a war. Black Hawk didn't want to fight though. He wanted to work things out peacefully. He sent three men out to show their peace flag. The Army there misunderstood it, and shot one of them and took the other two as prisoners.

Black Hawk

(end results)

The Black Hawk War was wrapping up. Though Black Hawk's men were not doing so well. They had a lack of food and supplies, then some were wounded. Black Hawk and his men had decided to cross the river. Though when they got there they were discovered by a government steamship that fired cannons at them. Black Hawk escaped though. Only after a little bit though he was turned over to U.S. custody, on August 27, 1832. When he was in prison he visited the president of the United States (Andrew Jackson). He was released from prison in 1833, but he had to be in custody of his "rival" Chief Keokuk. 70 soldiers and settlers died because of the Black Hawk war. The Treaty of 1832 was reestablish and the edge of the Iowa territory was open for settlement.

Hancock County

- Hancock county was formed on June 28th, 1858.

- On November 3rd, 1903 Garner was declared the County Seat by a vote of 2,057 to 568.

Events Happening in Hancock County

Tree Town Music Festival

- On May 21 - 24

- At Heritage Park in Forest City

Blue Stars Drum and Bugle Corps Camp

- May 20 - June 10

- At Waldorf College in Forest City

Iowa Symbols

Iowa's state rock

Iowa's state tree

Geode

Oak

Iowa's state flower

Iowa's state bird

Eastern Goldfinch

Wild Rose

5 things I would like to learn about are state

• Who was the first two representatives for Iowa?

• Who gave Iowa its name? And why?

• When was Iowa first establish as a state?

• When did Iowa get its name as the Corn State?

• What was Iowa first city?

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Statehood

Iowa Territory

Iowa Territory

- The person who actual came up with the present day order was Stephen Douglas.

- Iowa became the state it is now on December 28, 1846, and was approved by James K. Polk.

- The first Governor of Iowa as an official state was Ansel Briggs

- When they made a capitol for Iowa it was placed in Iowa City, but later placed in Des Moines, Iowa.

- They decided to replace it so it would be more centered.

- Territory means: a geographic are that is owned and controlled by a government or country.

- Iowa's Territory Governor at this time was Robert E. Lucas.

- In 1839 he decided to submit their application to become a state.

- To become a state: 1. write a state constitution 2. create a set of boundaries.

- Iowa officially became a state in 1846, but Congress had changed the layout.

- When Iowa saw this new layout they rejected it (means to refuse or eliminate).

Indian Settlements

Iowa Indians

- The name Mesquakie means "red Earth people".

- Lots of words we say now where from the American Indian language.

- They grew lots of plants, such as beans, squash, and corn.

- At one point the Indians started trading with the Europeans.

- They ended up depending on the Europeans to get things.

- The Indians killed off a lot of their hunting animals and had to go to new land to find more animals.

Iowa Symbols

Iowa's state flag

Iowa's state seal

The state nickname for Iowa is the "Hawkye State".

This name was given by James G. Edwards as a tribute to the Indian leader Chief Black Hawk.

Iowa's motto

Iowa Explorers

Marquette and Joliet

Julien Dubuque

Julien Dubuque is famous for being the first white man to live in Iowa. When he was little he dreamed of trading and living with the Indians. On June 1785 he left to find traders. He met some Indians and stayed with them for a while, but then later he heard there were lead mines down where is formally Dubuque. He became very good friends with the Indians. They even gave him a nickname "Little Night". He signed a contract with the Indians which declared that he would own the lead mines. Twice a year he left to go to St. Louis. There he would trade with other people. He wanted to fully own the mines though, so he asked the governor of St. Louis in 1796 to grant him the mines. The governor did. Though in 1810 Julien died. His friends were deeply sad. In 1837 they named the city Dubuque after him.

Marquette and Joliet are famous because they were the first white men to come to Iowa. The way they came to this was because of Joliet. Joliet had just gotten back from France, and had been sent on a mission. The mission was to explore the Great River (Mississippi). When Joliet got back and was getting ready to go the mission, but then he saw his old pal Marquette. He invited him to come with him. They left on May 6th, 1673. While they were traveling they decided to stop and make camp. When they got off the boat though they saw some footprints. They followed them and they ended in Iowa. They ended up reaching Iowa on June 25th. Marquette and Joliet were not the first to live their but they were the first white men to come to Iowa.

Sgt. Charles Floyd

Sgt. Charles Floyd is known for being the first American soldier to be buried in Iowa soil. America had just bought new land and they wanted to know what they had gotten. They had hired Lewis and Clark to lead a expedition. They left on May 14th, 1804 at 4 o'clock. He had many jobs though such as watching for Indians, stop when time for rest and refreshments, and to watch for land. They had came to Iowa because they were exploring the land. They had camped there many times, but one time after they had celebrated a birthday the next day Sgt. Floyd was very ill. Since there were no doctors to treat him, he ended up dying. He died on August 20th, 1804.

Paige Kudej