Strengths & Weaknesses
Weakness
Intro & Article Overview
Article 1: A Theory of Cultural Values and Some Implications for Work
Shalom H. Schwartz
Article 2: National Culture and the Values of Organizational Employees: A Dimensional Analysis across 43 Nations
Peter B Smith; Shaun Dugan;
Fons Trompenaars
- National cultures are very unique
- Historical background are equally unique
- Play important role in shaping culture
- Should not be neglected
- Very large study, shows improvement over past studies
- Inclusion of past communist countries
- Noted/argued areas of possible weakness
- Again neglects historical background
- Taking into consideration that it is seeking specific dimensions to cross analyze countries it is understandable to see why they did not cover historical background
- Why is this not included?
- Enormous undertaking
- Hard to measure
- Undermine search for specific dimensions to analyze culture from
- 3 dimensions of 7 types of cultural values
- 44 nations’ urban school teachers&40 nations’ college students
- examining the replicability of prior researches
- 8,841 employees from 43 nations
- Discussing similarity and difference
between pioneering researches &
present study
Critical Reflection:
4. Research Limitations
5. Are cultural values static?
References
Critical Reflection
Critical Reflection Agenda
Shalom Schwartz’s cultural values theory
2. How does cultural divergent exist?
1. What is Divergent Cultures: How is this theme tackled in the two articles?
Divergent Cultures
- Cultural Dimensions oversimplify the description of a culture
- Reality is More Complex. Ignoring other components such as economic development and globalization, one might make the assumption that culture is static
1. Autonomy V.S. Embeddedness (Conservatism)
2. Hierarchy V.S. Egalitarianism
3. Mastery V.S. Harmony
Application to Factbook
Spain
Japan
1. What is Divergent Cultures: How is this theme tackled in the two articles?
2. How does cultural divergent exist?
3. What are the limitations with respect to the common theme?
4. Are cultural values static?
Wine industry:
Theory from articles:
- understand effects of divergent culture
(how it impacts wine industry)
- Adachi, Y. (2010). Business Negotiations between the Americans and the Japanese. Global Business Languages, Vol. 2, Article 4. Retrieved from: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/gbl/vol2/iss1/4
- Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28(4), 625-629. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org.proxy.lib.sfu.ca/stable/2393017
- Inglehart, R., & Baker, W. E. (2000). Modernization, cultural change, and the persistence of traditional values. American Sociological Review, 65(1), 19-51. doi: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2657288
- Schwartz, S.H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the content and structure of values? Journal of Social Issues, 50(4), 19-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb01196.x
- Schwartz, S. H. (1999). A theory of cultural values and some implications for work. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 48, 23-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.1999.tb00047.x
- Smith, P. B., & Dugan, S. (1996). National culture and the values of organizational employees. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 27(2), 231-264. doi: 10.1177/0022022196272006
- Warr, P. (2008). Work values: Some demographic and cultural correlates. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 81, 751–775. doi: 10.1348/096317907X263638
- Different locations, different ways of living, etc.
- Culture: patterns of human activities
- Differ from regions to regions
(US vs Japan)
1st article:
- 3 societal issues and from them 7 value dimensions
- Social norms are the result of these value dimensions
- Social norms influence individuals actions/stance
A Cultural Comparison
BUS430 D100 TEAM 1 - THEORY SESSION 3
Critical Reflection Presentation
Adam Reid
Angela Zhang
Janice Wong
Jenna Zhang
Jing Tang
Olamide Omorodion
1. What is Divergent Cultures: How is this theme tackled in the two articles?
2nd article:
- Seeks specific dimensions to analyze countries and use for cross country comparison
- Uses a number of past studies alongside own survey
- Found similarities across these studies in certain culture dimensions boosted their effectiveness