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Strengths & Weaknesses

Weakness

Intro & Article Overview

Article 1: A Theory of Cultural Values and Some Implications for Work

Shalom H. Schwartz

Article 2: National Culture and the Values of Organizational Employees: A Dimensional Analysis across 43 Nations

Peter B Smith; Shaun Dugan;

Fons Trompenaars

  • National cultures are very unique
  • Historical background are equally unique
  • Play important role in shaping culture
  • Should not be neglected
  • Very large study, shows improvement over past studies

- Inclusion of past communist countries

  • Noted/argued areas of possible weakness

  • Again neglects historical background

  • Taking into consideration that it is seeking specific dimensions to cross analyze countries it is understandable to see why they did not cover historical background

  • World is complex
  • Why is this not included?
  • Enormous undertaking
  • Hard to measure
  • Undermine search for specific dimensions to analyze culture from
  • 3 dimensions of 7 types of cultural values

  • 44 nations’ urban school teachers&40 nations’ college students

  • An integrated system
  • examining the replicability of prior researches

  • 8,841 employees from 43 nations

  • Discussing similarity and difference

between pioneering researches &

present study

Critical Reflection:

4. Research Limitations

5. Are cultural values static?

References

Critical Reflection

Critical Reflection Agenda

Shalom Schwartz’s cultural values theory

Sample size biased on:

2. How does cultural divergent exist?

1. What is Divergent Cultures: How is this theme tackled in the two articles?

Divergent Cultures

  • Cultural Dimensions oversimplify the description of a culture

  • Reality is More Complex. Ignoring other components such as economic development and globalization, one might make the assumption that culture is static

1. Autonomy V.S. Embeddedness (Conservatism)

2. Hierarchy V.S. Egalitarianism

3. Mastery V.S. Harmony

Occupations

Application to Factbook

Spain

Japan

1. What is Divergent Cultures: How is this theme tackled in the two articles?

2. How does cultural divergent exist?

3. What are the limitations with respect to the common theme?

4. Are cultural values static?

Wine industry:

  • different consumptions

Theory from articles:

  • understand effects of divergent culture

(how it impacts wine industry)

  • Adachi, Y. (2010). Business Negotiations between the Americans and the Japanese. Global Business Languages, Vol. 2, Article 4. Retrieved from: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/gbl/vol2/iss1/4

  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28(4), 625-629. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org.proxy.lib.sfu.ca/stable/2393017

  • Inglehart, R., & Baker, W. E. (2000). Modernization, cultural change, and the persistence of traditional values. American Sociological Review, 65(1), 19-51. doi: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2657288

  • Schwartz, S.H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the content and structure of values? Journal of Social Issues, 50(4), 19-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb01196.x

  • Schwartz, S. H. (1999). A theory of cultural values and some implications for work. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 48, 23-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.1999.tb00047.x

  • Smith, P. B., & Dugan, S. (1996). National culture and the values of organizational employees. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 27(2), 231-264. doi: 10.1177/0022022196272006

  • Warr, P. (2008). Work values: Some demographic and cultural correlates. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 81, 751–775. doi: 10.1348/096317907X263638

Locations

  • Different locations, different ways of living, etc.

  • Culture: patterns of human activities

  • Differ from regions to regions

(US vs Japan)

  • Components of culture

Conservatism

Self-transcendence

Harmony

1st article:

  • 3 societal issues and from them 7 value dimensions

  • Social norms are the result of these value dimensions

  • Social norms influence individuals actions/stance

A Cultural Comparison

Conservatism

Egalitarianism

BUS430 D100 TEAM 1 - THEORY SESSION 3

Critical Reflection Presentation

Intellectual Autonomy

Genders

Hierarchy

Mastery

Affective Autonomy

Self-enhancement

Autonom

Adam Reid

Angela Zhang

Janice Wong

Jenna Zhang

Jing Tang

Olamide Omorodion

Ages

1. What is Divergent Cultures: How is this theme tackled in the two articles?

2nd article:

  • Seeks specific dimensions to analyze countries and use for cross country comparison

  • Uses a number of past studies alongside own survey

  • Found similarities across these studies in certain culture dimensions boosted their effectiveness
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