Coal and Petroleum

Coal and Petroleum

The process of separating crude oil into its components by fractional distillationis called refining.

fuel conservation

Fuels must be conserved as much as possible so that exiting deposits could be stretched to the maximum extent, giving scientists time to develop alternate fuels.

• Switch off lights and fans when not in use.
• Use room heaters, coolers and others such things only when absolutely needed.
• Use solar cookers, heaters and dryers wherever possible.
• Reduce cooking time by soaking pulses for some time before cooking.
• Use efficient home appliances and fuel efficient stoves.
• Use public transport systems for travelling as they consume less energy per head than individual vehicles.

NATURAL GAS

• Mainly consists of methane.
• It occurs above crude oil under the rocks.
• When oil wells are drilled, natural gas comes out through the rocks first with great pressure before crude oil.
• Natural gas is an important source of energy because it is relative clean burning fossil fuels .
• Natural gas reserves often exists along with deposits of petroleum.

petroleum

• Mixture of hydrocaarbons, also called crude oil.

• Formed from remains of organisms in the sea about 400 million years ago.

• Occurs as liquid, deep under the Earth's surface or under the ocean between non porous rocks

obtaining petroleum

PETROLEUM IS OBTAINED BY DRILLING HOLES IN THE EARTH’S CRUST.

WHEN OIL WELL REACHES THE PETROLEUM DEPOSIT, NATURAL GAS COMES OUT WITH GREAT PRESSURE,AFTER WHICH THE PETROLEUM COMES OUT ITSELF.

PETROLEUM REFINING

Fractional distillation is a method of

Separating a mixture of substances with

Different boiling points to obtain a number

Of components with similar boiling points

Uses of coal

Coal is widely used as a fuel in factories and thermal power stations

It is used to make several products like coke coal tar and gas .

Destructive distillation of Coal

Through destructive distillation of coal many products like coke, coal gas and coal tar .

Coke

The solid residue obtained from distillation of coal is coke.

coal tar

Complex liquid mixture of several carbon compounds .

coal gas

Gas released in the destructive distillation of coal

Consists of hydrogen methane carbon monoxide and some other gases

coal

• Coal was formed from the remains of plants which existed 200 or 300 million years ago

• Coal mainly consists of carbon

• Plants available got buried in earth due to geological changes

• As more and more materials got buried, they piled up on them and got compressed .

• The pressure and high temperature of the Earth’s core converted the remains into a spongy brown material called peat and then lignite and then into coal

• It has been used as fuel since ancient times by Greeks and Romans.

• The process of converting wood to coal under high pressure and temperature is called carbonisation

Fossil Fuels

1.One of the most important chemical changes that drive the world is the burning of a substance with release of energy. Most of the energy that is available to us comes from burning.

2. The electrical energy we use primarily comes from burning of coal in power plants.

Natural Resources

Natural resources are substances and features present on the earth that allow the existence of life and satisfy the needs of living organisms.

3.Substances we burn to get energy are known as fuels. A fuel is a substance that reacts with oxygen and burns to release energy. Commonly used examples are: natural gas, biogas, LPG, petrol, wood etc.

4. Fossil fuels are carbon-rich deposits, such as petroleum, coal and natural gas, made over millions of years by decomposition of remains of ancient plants and animals on the earth.

Importance of

Natural Resources

• Biological resources depend on other natural resources such as air, sunlight, soil and water.

• Mineral resources have become a part of modern living. Mineral fuels are used to provide heat, light and to generate power.

• Minerals also serve as raw materials for finished goods such as cars refrigerators and machines.

Renewable and Rénewable Resources

non

• Will either never run out or are renewed through relatively rapid natural cycles like groundwater.

• Non-renewable resources are those which once used up,are exhausted.