Introducing 

Prezi AI.

Your new presentation assistant.

Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.

Loading…
Transcript

Microbiology Case Studies

Bacardi Relay, Dulce Cardoso, Traci Hutchison

Hepatitis C

  • Binds to liver cell receptors
  • HCV virus inserts RNA into liver cell
  • HCV RNA mimics liver RNA, produces own viral materials through protein synthesis
  • Capsomeres form capsids to protect viral genetic material
  • New HCV virus creates bud, releases from liver cell to infect other liver cells
  • Cytotoxic cells attack HCV and infected liver cells
  • scar tissue from dead liver cells leads to cirrhosis

Hepatitis C

Case Study #2

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

Case Study #1 Sources

  • Single stranded RNA virus
  • 6 genotypes
  • HCV genotype 1 is most common
  • Infected individuals typically have only 1 genotype
  • Starts acute
  • 15-20% of individuals are able to fight off within 6 months of acute episodes
  • Many individuals are asymptomatic going years without knowing about infection
  • Typically leads to chronic infection
  • Primarily baby boomers born between 1945-1965
  • Transmission usually via blood
  • Sharing needles or syringes during drug use
  • Mother-to-child transmission (rare)
  • Sexual contact

Falkinham III PhD, Joseph O. Reducing Exposure to Nontuberculous Mycobacteria. National Jewish Health. 2015 September. https://www.nationaljewish.org

Koirala, Janak, MD, MPH, FACP, FIDSA. "Mycobacterium Avium-Intracellulare." Mycobacterium Avium-Intracellulare: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology. Medscape, 19 Oct. 2016. Web. 06 Dec. 2016.

Daley, Charles MD, Salfinger, Max MD. NTM-TB INSIGHTS: Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) and Tuberculosis: A Changing of the Guard in the 21st Century? 2015, July. Web. https://www.nationaljewish.org

Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)

  • Nontuberulous mycobacterial disorder (NTM)
  • Caused by M. avium, M. intracellulare
  • Difficult to differentiate between species
  • Primarily pulmonary, but can spread systemically
  • 58-year-old white male
  • Fever, abdominal pain, dark urine
  • History of injection drug use, alcohol abuse
  • Exam indicates fever, hepatomegaly, icteric
  • HBV serology negative

Hepatitis C

Case Study #1

  • Frequent mutations of HCV disallow for vaccines
  • Cure recently has been approved by FDA in June 2016
  • Epclusa
  • 95-100% cure rate
  • Estimated cost of $890/pill
  • 12 week regimen = $74,760
  • Pangenotypic inhibitor (targets all 6 genotypes)
  • Patients with cirrhosis can take drug
  • Discontinue activities that cause additional damage to liver (ex. drinking alcohol)
  • 46-year-old male
  • HIV positive
  • fever, chills, night sweats, diarrhea
  • CD4+ T cell count: 50 cells/mcl
  • progressive weight loss over several months
  • previous treatment for Pneumocystis pneumonia
  • Sputum sample positive for acid-fast bacilli
  • Blood culture positive for atypical mycobacteria

Case Study #2 Sources

"Hepatitis C FAQs for Health Professionals." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 21 July 2016. Web. 06 Dec. 2016

"Sofosbuvir-Velpatasvir (Epclusa)." Sofosbuvir-Velpatasvir (Epclusa) - Treatment - Hepatitis C Online. University of Washington, 2016. Web. 06 Dec. 2016.

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

  • Rarely found in immunocompetent individuals
  • Patient was immunocompromised due to AIDS
  • HIV infection
  • CD4+ T cell count: 50 cells/mcl
  • Opportunistic infection (Pneumocystis pneumonia)
  • Patient was unable to develop cell-mediated immunity
  • no activation of macrophages

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

  • Impermeable outer membrane rich in lipids
  • Virulent against antibiotics, chlorine
  • Tolerant of acid
  • Forms biofilms
  • Methylobacterium (pink scum in shower) unable to coexist with NTM
  • Methylobacterium still dangerous to immunocompromised individuals
  • Microaerophilic
  • Survives at 125°F, but not at 130°F

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

  • Ubiquitous
  • Organism can be found in:
  • contaminated water
  • dust
  • dirt
  • hot water systems (water pipes)
  • birds and farm animals
  • Inhalation and ingestion can cause infection
  • Not contagious
Learn more about creating dynamic, engaging presentations with Prezi