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Transcripción

The Italian Alps Avalanche of 1916

Impact

In conclusion...

The Science Behind It:

Killing an estimated 10,000 Austrian and Italian soldiers (300 troops), the avalanche killed more soldiers in WWI than even poison gas had. In 1918, this number had increased by 40,000 because of bombing.

The Cause

Then...

Sometimes...

Explosives might've been set off to use an avalanche as a weapon

Since then, people have built fences on slopes, hoping that it will stop the falling snow from accumulating into an avalanche.

The Italian Alps Avalanche of 1916, better known as White Friday, earned a place, not only in our history books, but in our hearts as we remember those brave soldiers who were incased in ice years ago.

As its sliding down the mountainside, it may cause the air below to compress, causing a powerful wind capable of completely demolishing a house, town, or even a forest.

Or...

As the snow races down the hill, its speed increases and it starts to accumulate rocks, ice, wreckage, more snow, etc.

Normally, an avalanche starts when an unstable mass of snow breaks away from a slope

An avalanche can reach speeds of up to 130 kilometers an hour.

The Basics

After the devastating event, ideas on using avalanches/ mountains as weapons formed.

Avalanches

December 13th is now known as White Friday as a way to commemorate those lost soldiers.

Avalanches are more likely to occur after/during a storm that dumps 12 inches or more of fresh snow

90% of avalanches are caused by the victim

The chance of surviving an avalanche is only 5%

Slabs

Sluffs

Was there any warning?

Very dangerous

Not as dangerous as a slab

Scientists are unable to predict for certain where/ when an avalanche will happen, but they can estimate the hazard levels by checking snowpacks, weather, temperature, and wind conditions. Historians report that the Austrian and Italian troops did in fact know there was a high avalanche risk at the time, but chose to take the risk and resume with the war plans anyway.

Tools

Occurs when a weak layer at the top of a snowpack fractures, causing a small slide of dry, powdery, snow

Occurs when a weak layer lower in the snowpack breaks causing the rest of the snow above it to fall in a giant block/ slab

Avalanche Beacons

An avalanche struck the Tirol Region in Dolomites, Italy on December 13th, 1916, while Austrian and Italian soldiers were fighting in WWI.

Beepers that emit a consistent noise when activated

Rescue Dogs

What Happened?

Where was it?

When did it occur?

Quotes

“It kept coming. We couldn’t see anything. It was like being in a washing machine.”

-Reported on The New York Times, Daniel Rosetto, a survivor of a seperate avalanche

“The mountains in winter are more dangerous than the Italians.”

-Quoted by an Austrian officer whose words appeared on History Channel

By Caitlin Smith

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