Copy of Poetry

Assonance

Narrative Poems

Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line or lines of poetry.

(Often creates near rhyme.)

A poem that tells a story.

Generally longer than the lyric styles of poetry because the poet needs to establish characters and a plot.

Concrete Poems

Rhyme Scheme

End Rhyme

A word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another line.

Lake Fate Base Fade

(All share the long “a” sound.)

In concrete poems, the words are arranged to create a picture that relates to the content of the poem.

Examples of Narrative Poems

“The Raven”

“The Highwayman”

“Casey at the Bat”

“The Walrus and the Carpenter”

A rhyme scheme is a pattern of rhyme (usually end rhyme, but not always).

Use the letters of the alphabet to represent sounds to be able to visually “see” the pattern. (See next slide for an example.)

Near Rhyme

Hector the Collector

Collected bits of string.

Collected dolls with broken heads

And rusty bells that would not ring.

Shakespearean Sonnet

Rhyme

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?

Thou art more lovely and more temperate:

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,

And summer's lease hath all too short a date:

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,

And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;

And every fair from fair sometime declines,

By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimm'd;

But thy eternal summer shall not fade

Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;

Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,

When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st;

So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,

So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

a.k.a imperfect rhyme, close rhyme, slant rhyme

The words share EITHER the same vowel or consonant sound BUT NOT BOTH

ROSE - LOSE

Different vowel sounds

(long “o” and “oo” )

Share the same consonant sound

PHONE - HOME

Different consonant sounds

(“n” and “m”)

Share the same vowel sound

(long “o”)

Consonance

A fourteen line poem with a specific rhyme scheme.

The poem is written in three quatrains and ends with a couplet.

The rhyme scheme is

abab cdcd efef gg

Words sound alike because they share the same ending vowel and consonant sounds.

(A word always rhymes with itself.)

LAMP

STAMP

Share the short “a” vowel sound

Share the combined “mp” consonant sound

Examples of Assonance

Poetry Form

Sample Rhyme Scheme

Similar to alliteration EXCEPT . . .

The repeated consonant sounds can be anywhere in the words

Internal Rhyme

“Slow the low gradual moan came in the snowing.”

John Masefield

"The crumbling thunder of seas" Robert Louis Stevenson

“silken, sad, uncertain, rustling . .”

A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line.

The Germ by Ogden Nash

A mighty creature is the germ,

Though smaller than the pachyderm.

His customary dwelling place

Is deep within the human race.

His childish pride he often pleases

By giving people strange diseases.

Do you, my poppet, feel infirm?

You probably contain a germ.

A word is dead

When it is said,

Some say.

I say it just

Begins to live

That day.

a

a

b

b

c

c

a

a

FORM - the appearance of the words on the page

LINE - a group of words together on one line of the poem

STANZA - a group of lines arranged together

Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary.

From “The Raven”

by Edgar Allan Poe

Lyric

Kinds of Stanzas

• A short poem
• Usually written in first person point of view
• Expresses an emotion or an idea or describes a scene
• Do not tell a story and are often musical

Cinquain

A five line poem containing 22 syllables

Two Syllables

Four Syllables

Six Syllables

Eight Syllables

Two Syllables

Couplet = a two line stanza

Triplet (Tercet) = a three line stanza

Quatrain = a four line stanza

Quintet = a five line stanza

Alliteration

How frail

Above the bulk

Of crashing water hangs

Autumnal, evanescent, wan

The moon.

Consonant sounds repeated at the beginnings of words

Figurative Language Terms

If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?

Simile

Metaphor

Personification

Imagery

Symbolism

Haiku

A Japanese poem written in three lines

Five Syllables

Seven Syllables

Five Syllables

Refrain

types of poetry

Poetry is...

A sound, word, phrase or line repeated regularly in a poem.

(Like the chorus in a song)

An old silent pond . . .

A frog jumps into the pond.

Splash! Silence again.

Meter

“Quoth the raven, ‘Nevermore.’”

A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.

Occurs when stressed and unstressed syllables of the words in a poem are arranged in a repeating pattern.

When poets write in meter, they count out the number of stressed (strong) syllables and unstressed (weak) syllables for each line. Then they repeat the pattern throughout the poem.

A type of literature that expresses ideas, feelings, or tells a story in a specific form (usually using lines and stanzas)

Sound Effects: Rhythm

Point of View

Poet Speaker

Meter

The beat created by the sounds of the words in a poem.

Rhythm can be created by meter, rhyme, alliteration and refrain.

The poet is the author of the poem.

The speaker is the narrator of the poem.

TYPES OF FEET (cont.)

Iambic - unstressed, stressed

There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.

-Hamlet

Meter

Free Verse Poetry

TYPES OF FEET

The types of feet are determined by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables.

(cont.)

FOOT - unit of meter

A foot can have two or three syllables.

Usually consists of one stressed and one or more unstressed syllables

Free verse poetry is very conversational - sounds like someone talking with you.

A more modern type of poetry.

Unlike metered poetry, free verse poetry does NOT have any repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables.

Does NOT have rhyme.

Meter

Blank Verse Poetry

Written in lines of iambic pentameter, but does NOT use end rhyme.

from Julius Caesar

Cowards die many times before their deaths;

The valiant never taste of death but once.

Of all the wonders that I yet have heard,

It seems to me most strange that men should fear;

Seeing that death, a necessary end,

Will come when it will come.

Kinds of Metrical Lines

monometer = one foot on a line

dimeter = two feet on a line

trimeter = three feet on a line

tetrameter = four feet on a line

pentameter = five feet on a line

hexameter = six feet on a line

heptameter = seven feet on a line

octometer = eight feet on a line

Poetry