The 18th and 21st Amendments
By: Elle Murphy, Emma Mullen and Nora Epler
What were the challenges in ratifying the 21st amendment?
Works Cited
- states could deny ratification
- states could make no action to make no action
- more riots and organized crime resulted
- Mississippi kept prohibition
- corruption in government from political pressure
How did the ratification process of the 21st amendment change America?
What is the historic context of this Amendment?
Put in place to repeal the 18th amendment because the 18th amendment:
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"Gatsby Unleashed: Prohibition in the 1920's." Gatsby Unleashed: Prohibition in the 1920's. Blogspot, 14 May 2010. Web. 15 Oct. 2013.
Hanson, David J. "The Eighteenth Amendment." The Eighteenth Amendment. State University of New York, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.
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Meredith, William A. "The 21st Amendment." The 21st Amendment. The University at Albany, 29 Apr. 2005. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.
Monk, Linda. "Prohibition of Liquor." National Constitution Center – Constitutioncenter.org.
National Constitution Center, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.
Munson, Holly. "Happy Birthday, 21st Amendment!" Constitution Daily. Blog, Jan. 2013. Web. 15 Oct. 2013.
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- eliminated bootleggers and gangsters--for the most part
- decrease in spending of tax money
- stimulated the economy--alcohol taxes
- gave President Roosevelt the trust of the people
- caused widespread crime
- put country in debt from law enforcement fees (over a billion)
- caused people to use worse/more dangerous substances
- Roosevelt needed to keep political promise
What does the 21st Amendment mean?
- repealed the 18th amendment
- legalized the sale and consumption of alcohol
- allowed the states to determine the alcohol laws
- needs ratification of at least 36 states
- more popular sovereignty
What would have happened if the 21st amendment wasn't ratified?
Munson, Holly. "Happy Birthday, 21st Amendment!" Constitution Daily. Blog, Jan. 2013. Web. 15 Oct. 2013.
- bootleggers and gangsters become too powerful
- fall of local governments
- distrust between people and government
- could have prolonged the great depression
What does the 18th Amendment mean?
- banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol
- Congress and states have enforcement power
- prohibited importation and exportation of liquor
- inoperative unless ratified as an amendment
- known as the Volstead act
What would have happened if the 18th Amendment wasn't ratified?
- less organized crime
- less corruption in law enforcement
- less mob and gang violence
- less usage of the more dangerous substances (cocaine)
- less money spent on law enforcement
- more money to settling debts
How did the ratification process of the 18th amendment change America?
"Gatsby Unleashed: Prohibition in the 1920's." Gatsby Unleashed: Prohibition in the 1920's. Blogspot, 14 May 2010. Web. 15 Oct. 2013.
What is the historic context of the 18th Amendment?
Were there any challenges to ratifying the 18th Amendment?
- criminal underworld was born, became powerful
- corruption through the power of gangsters
- lost state and federal taxes created debt
- heightened demand for law enforcement
- "poisoned" American culture
- inspired a generation of freethinking rebels
- first temperance organization formed in 1808
- Religious groups were against drinking
- progressive era from 1890s to the 1920s
- ratified on January 16, 1919
- alcohol contributed to recklessness and destruction
- reduced crime and corruption, improved health
- Ohio voters were not behind ratification
- zero support from brewers
- Rhode Island specifically rejected ratification
- time limit of seven years
- majority support from states for prohibition
"Historias Del Presente, Historia Para Todos." Historias Del Presente Historia Para Todos. Wordpress.com, June 2008. Web. 15 Oct. 2013.