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Discrimination

Throughout our history certain groups of children have been denied educational opportunities. Disabled children were excluded from schools. Separate school systems for African American children existed under the authority of the law. Children were prevented from taking certain classes simply because they were boys or they were girls.

  • Wealth
  • Sex
  • Disability
  • Race
  • Alienage

Brown v. Board of Ed

Students walkout for educational

reform

The Equal Educational Opportunities Act (EEOA) of 1974 is a federal law of the United States of America. It prohibits discrimination against faculty, staff and students, including racial segregation of students, and requires school districts to take action to overcome barriers to students’ equal participation. It is one of a number of laws affecting educational institutions including the Rehabilitation Act (1973), Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional. The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, which allowed state-sponsored segregation, insofar as it applied to public education. Handed down on May 17, 1954, the Warren Court's unanimous (9–0) decision stated that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." As a result, de jure racial segregation was ruled a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. This ruling paved the way for integration and was a major victory of the civil rights movement.

Bilingual bicultural education; more Latino teachers and administrators; smaller class sizes; better facilities; and the revision of text books to include Mexican American history.

In 1968, Chicano students in East Los Angeles staged a historic walkout in their high schools to protest academic prejudice and dire school conditions.

Disability

Wealth: The Supreme Court held that dependence on local property taxes to finance the schools, a dependence that results in less funds per child in poor school districts was not an unconstitutional denial of equal protection.

Sex: Discrimination on the basis of sex has occurred through restrictions on enrollment in certain classes and unequal access to participation in athletic programs.

The district courts ruled that disabled children could not be excluded from the schools. In 1975 a law called the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was enacted.

Equal Educational Opportunity Act of 1974

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