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Heirarchy of Needs

Humanistic Psychology Assumptions

  • Theory developed by Abraham Maslow in 1943
  • It is the explanation of how human needs change through an individual's lifespan
  • 1. Physiological: Physical requirements for survival
  • 2. Safety: Security of the body and resources
  • 3. Love & Belonging: Family, friendship, & intimacy
  • 4. Esteem: Confidence & achievement
  • 5. Self Actualization: Morality, creativity, & acceptance
  • One cannot be achieved without achieving the tier prior to it

Abraham Maslow

What is its methodology?

  • Phenomenology is central & people have personal agency
  • Exercise of free will
  • People are basically good and have an innate need to better themselves as well as the world
  • Rogers & Maslow regarded personal growth & fulfillment in life as a basic human motive
  • Humanistic psychologists argue that what is actually real is less important than what people believe to be real
  • Humanism rejects scientific methodology and opts for qualitative research instead
  • Humans are fundamentally different from other animals because they are capable of thought and reasoning and language

  • Qualitative methods
  • Case studies
  • in depth investigations of a single person, group, event, or community
  • Q-Sort Method
  • Procedure for measuring congruence
  • State of internal consistency

Carl Rogers

What are its strengths?

What are its limitations?

  • Shifted the focus of behavior to the individual/whole person rather than the unconscious mind, genes, observable behavior, etc.
  • Satisfies most people's ideas of what being human means because it values personal ideals & self fulfillment
  • Qualitative data gives genuine insight & more holistic information into behavior
  • Highlights the value of more individualistic & idiographic methods of study

Conclusion

  • Ignores biological factors that play into the actions that the theory suggests
  • Unscientific: subjective concepts
  • Cannot objectively measure self actualization
  • Humanism ignores the unconscious mind
  • Behaviorism (Human & Animal behavior can be compared)
  • Qualitative data is difficult to compare
  • Ethnocentric (biased towards western culture)
  • Belief in free will is in opposition to the deterministic laws of SCIENCE

What is Humanism?

Where is it applied?

  • Person-Centered Therapy
  • Abnormal behavior
  • Incongruent, low self-worth
  • Education
  • Motivation
  • Psychological approach that emphasizes the study of the whole person
  • It is observed through the observer & through the person doing the behaving

What are Humanism's key features?

Humanistic psychologists believe that a person's behavior is connected to their inner feelings & self-concept (self image)

  • Qualitative research
  • diary accounts
  • open ended questionnaire
  • unstructured interviews & observations
  • Idiographic Approach
  • The desire to learn what makes each of us unique
  • Self-Concept
  • self-worth
  • self-image
  • self-actualization

Humanistic Theory

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