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We use quotation for two reasons:

1. to break up paraphrase

2. to intensify paraphrase

Only use a direct quotation when a writer has said

something much more clearly, succintly, or elegantly

than you could yourself, or when you are trying to capture

the voice, tone, or cadence of the other writer's language.

Not quotable: Rodriguez writes that he "found reading a pleasurable activity."

  • There is nothing memorable about this line. The writer is simply allowing someone else's words to form his sentence.

Quotable: Rodriguez describes his experience as a boy, reading in the early morning in his room, enjoying "the lonely good company of books."

  • The quoted material is striking because of the juxtaposition of lonely with good.
  • The language captures the contradictions--the gains and losses--of the whole essay.

Take about 5-7 minutes to write one or two sentences in which you incorporate something "quotable" from the text chunk you wrote about in your difficulty passage.

Writers need to do more than just insert

other people's ideas into their writing.

So what does a citation sandwich look like?

Another reason can be explained by Mark Edmundson's observations in the text called "Dwelling in Possibilities." In his text, Edmundson concludes that the new generation has an insatiable appetite for life. With that craving comes the desire to do everything and anything, therefore always wanting to keep their options open. "They live to multiply possibilities. They're enemies of closure" (Edmundson 1). This claim can be used as an explanation for why this show is so appealing for young adults. The young participants are attracted to "Next" because the options offered are in greater quantity. Instead of setting up a person with only one date, this lucky person is set up with five!

Near the beginning of his highly self-reflective essay, “The Achievement of Desire,” Richard Rodriguez confesses that although he was “a very good student,” he was also “a very bad student” (122).

  • Come up with one sentence for "part 3" (your "work" with the quote).

Now, add more detail to part 3 by adding 2 more sentences.

Compose a single sentence, using this quote and context, that might provide some sense of the quoted material for your reader.

Now, expand your part 3 into three to four sentences.

Exchange your difficulty passage with a partner, and read the passage from the essay your partner chose to respond to.

  • Select something from the chunk, and write a full citation sandwich for that quotation.
  • For this sandwich, you must end with your own thoughts.
  • Consider these questions:
  • So what does this observation imply?
  • So what is interesting, significant, or strange about this comment?
  • So what can we make of this idea?
  • So why does this matter (to us)?

Citation Sandwiches...Or:

How to Use Quotations for Epic Essays!

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