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Macromolecules: Big Building Blocks

Nucleic Acids

  • Nucleic Acids are molecules that carry the directions for how to make proteins.
  • Nucleic acids are made up of monomers called nucleotides.
  • Examples: DNA and RNA

Polymers = Macromolecules

Types of Carbohydrates

Simple Carbohydrates

  • Carbohydrates made up of 1 or a few molecules of sugar
  • Examples: sucrose and fructose

Complex Carbohydrates

  • Carbohydrates made up of hundreds of sugars
  • Examples: Starch and cellulose

Carbohydrates

  • Carbohydrates are polymers made up of sugars.
  • The main function of carbohydrates is to provide and store energy.
  • There are 2 types of carbs: simple and complex.
  • Macromolecules are made up of smaller pieces called monomers.
  • Putting many monomers together makes a polymer. (Poly means many)
  • There are 4 macromolecules: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids

Macromolecules

  • "Macro" means large. Macromolecules are "large molecules"

Function of Proteins

Proteins have many important jobs:

1. Structure

2. Enzymes

3. Transportation

4. Storage

5. Hormones

Proteins

  • Proteins are polymers that are made up of smaller monomers called amino acids.
  • There are 20 different amino acids that combine to make all of the different proteins in our bodies.

Lipids

  • Lipids are molecules that cannot mix with water.
  • Store energy.
  • Make up cell membranes.
  • Examples: phospholipids, fats, oils

Protein Examples

  • Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells. It helps carry oxygen throughout the body.
  • Insulin is a hormone that helps control our blood sugar levels.
  • Salivary Amylase is an enzyme in saliva that breaks down carbohydrates

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