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Adjective Clauses:

Modifies a noun or pronoun

Relative pronouns start these clauses

Adverb Clause:

Modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb

Subordinating Conjunctions start these clauses

Noun Clause:

Serves as a noun

Subordinating Conjunctions and Pronouns start these clauses

Types of Subordinate Clauses

Adjective Clause

Examples:

The cat who lives under the porch roamed the yard.

Subject of the Clause: who

Verb of the Clause: lives

Modifies: cat

Fred is the teacher whose classroom they used for speeches.

This is the house that is haunted.

The cat whose owner was gone raided the pantry.

Adjective Clauses are started with relative pronouns

Relative Pronouns are a pronouns that relates to a noun or a pronoun in the sentence.

WHO

WHOM

WHOSE

WHICH

THAT

Remember, like an adjective, you can take the adjective clause out of the sentence and the sentence will still make sense.

I just bought the house that was built last year.

I just bought the house

that was built last year

I just bought the house.

Adjective Clauses are a subordinate clause that modifies a noun or pronoun

Exactly like an ADJECTIVE!

Implied Relative Pronouns

Relative pronouns that are not included before the adjective clause, but if added will make sense in the sentence

Example:

A teddy bear is something the toddler would enjoy.

THAT

A teddy bear is something that the toddler would enjoy.

Adverb Clauses

Example: (modifying a verb)

The student posted the flyer where everyone could see it.

Modifying: posted

Example: (modifying an adj.)

In cooking class we learned that pie is ready when the top has darkened.

Modifying: ready

Example: (modifying a adverb)

The horse ran faster than the car.

Modifying: faster

Modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb

This clause tells how, when, where, to what extent, and why

Exactly like an ADVERB

Subordinating Conjunctions

Examples:

They relate the clause to the word it modifies

When the storm began, we were five miles from home.

Subordinating Conjunction: when

The tree is taller than it used to be.

Subordinating Conjunction: than

after, as, as soon as, before, since, until, when, whenever, while, because, since, as, as much as, than, although, as long as, even though, provided that, unless, in order that, so that, as, as if, as though, where, or wherever

Adjective Clause

Adverb Clause

Noun Clause

Noun Clause

Example:

Subject:

Whoever forgot their book will be tardy.

Direct Object

I have to decide what puppy to adopt.

Indirect Object

Give whoever comes in first a prize.

Predicate Nominative

His question is how do I make a cake.

Object of a Preposition

Teachers dispense knowledge to whoever will listen.

Noun Clauses are introduced by:

Pronouns:

who, whom, which, what that, whoever, whomever, or whatever

Subordinating Conjunctions:

how, that, when, where, whether, or why.

A subordinate clause that is used in a sentence as a noun.

Functions as:

Subject

Direct Object

Predicate Nominative

Object of a Preposition

Introduced by Pronouns and Subordinating Conjunctions

Examples:

Whatever you want for dinner is fine with me.

The teacher will meet where the presentation is taking place.

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