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1. The Navigation Acts

  • a form of economic warfare
  • begun under Cromwell
  • British Owned Ships (or colonial ships)
  • Monopoly on Trade with Brit. Colonies
  • Main Target: Dutch; even took New Amsterdam - 1664, New York

Leaving France as Britain's

main rival in North America;

Spain still control much of

South America

The War of Spanish Succession

Louis XIV's grandson is named heir

of the Spanish Throne in 1701

When Louis accepts the title fear

of a stronger French state unifies

European states and the War of

Spanish Succession begins.

The coalition of states wins

the war and at the PEACE OF UTRECHT France cedes

to Britain.

The War of Austrian Succesion

Frederick the Great (Prussia)

vs.

Maria Theresa (Austria)

The Seven Years War,

or French-Indian War

  • Although the French were doing well, Britain diverted money from the Austrian War of Succession to aid their American (13 colonies) forces
  • France was not willing to do this, as they feared Prussia too much

In the TREATY OF PARIS Britain gained control of Canada and the Louisana territory east of the Mississippi River

France also was forced to give up

their territory and control in India...

Trade and Empire in the Pacific

Key Players:

  • The Portuguese
  • The Dutch East Indian Company
  • The English East Indian Company

Different Methods

Portuguese allowed autonomous

merchants to work in the Indian Ocean.

They were just the boggest of all the

independents

The Dutch East Indian Company reduced

all competition to dependents of their

company to stay in business

The British East Indian Company, however,

was more aggresive. As the Dutch were strong on the waters, they became strong on land - cutting off supply to the Dutch Company.

Furthermore, they waged all out war on Indian princes, even defeating the Mughal emperor in 1764, leaving him title only.

What are the ingredients when making a powerful Imerpial Empire?

Colonial Expansion of Europe:

Colonial Trade, Slave Trade, Emerging Capitalism

The Atlantic Salve Trade

Imperial powers need cheap labour

and cheap inputs - gained through force

plantation agriculture was on the

rise, mainly in the west indies, Brazil

and the American South

The British had gained control of Spain's

slave trade - asiento - in the Peace of Utrecht

(Spanigh War of Succession)

6.5 million slaves moved across the

atlantic for colonial labour

all North American holdings

(Newfoundland,Nova Scotia,

the Hudson Bay Territory)

  • A war btwn France & Britain for a colonial empire
  • The French fought with Native allies
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