1. The Navigation Acts
- a form of economic warfare
- begun under Cromwell
- British Owned Ships (or colonial ships)
- Monopoly on Trade with Brit. Colonies
- Main Target: Dutch; even took New Amsterdam - 1664, New York
Leaving France as Britain's
main rival in North America;
Spain still control much of
South America
The War of Spanish Succession
Louis XIV's grandson is named heir
of the Spanish Throne in 1701
When Louis accepts the title fear
of a stronger French state unifies
European states and the War of
Spanish Succession begins.
The coalition of states wins
the war and at the PEACE OF UTRECHT France cedes
to Britain.
The War of Austrian Succesion
Frederick the Great (Prussia)
vs.
Maria Theresa (Austria)
The Seven Years War,
or French-Indian War
- Although the French were doing well, Britain diverted money from the Austrian War of Succession to aid their American (13 colonies) forces
- France was not willing to do this, as they feared Prussia too much
In the TREATY OF PARIS Britain gained control of Canada and the Louisana territory east of the Mississippi River
France also was forced to give up
their territory and control in India...
Trade and Empire in the Pacific
Key Players:
- The Portuguese
- The Dutch East Indian Company
- The English East Indian Company
Different Methods
Portuguese allowed autonomous
merchants to work in the Indian Ocean.
They were just the boggest of all the
independents
The Dutch East Indian Company reduced
all competition to dependents of their
company to stay in business
The British East Indian Company, however,
was more aggresive. As the Dutch were strong on the waters, they became strong on land - cutting off supply to the Dutch Company.
Furthermore, they waged all out war on Indian princes, even defeating the Mughal emperor in 1764, leaving him title only.
What are the ingredients when making a powerful Imerpial Empire?
Colonial Expansion of Europe:
Colonial Trade, Slave Trade, Emerging Capitalism
The Atlantic Salve Trade
Imperial powers need cheap labour
and cheap inputs - gained through force
plantation agriculture was on the
rise, mainly in the west indies, Brazil
and the American South
The British had gained control of Spain's
slave trade - asiento - in the Peace of Utrecht
(Spanigh War of Succession)
6.5 million slaves moved across the
atlantic for colonial labour
all North American holdings
(Newfoundland,Nova Scotia,
the Hudson Bay Territory)
- A war btwn France & Britain for a colonial empire
- The French fought with Native allies