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"Scratch is designed to help young people (ages 8 and up) develop 21st century learning skills. As they create Scratch projects, young people learn important mathematical and computational ideas, while also gaining a deeper understanding of the process of design."

http://info.scratch.mit.edu/About_Scratch,retrieved Dec.16, 2008

Learn 21st Century Skills

Collaboration

Background

What are learning games?

Videos

Scratch in 30 seconds

Scratch, Media Lab Video

How can Scratch help you & your students make learning games?

  • Purpose to teach not entertain
  • Teach subject
  • Expand concepts
  • Understand historical event or culture
  • Learn skill as they play
  • Create games, animations and interactive stories.

  • Share online.

  • Learn to program using blocks.

  • Use it as a means of creative expression.

  • Experience authentic project based learning.

"Digital-learning game" as: ...acquisition of knowledge as its own end and fosters habits of mind and understanding ...useful within an academic context."

Klopfer, Osterweil, & Salen (2009)

Moving Learning Games Forward

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_game

Scratch

Developed by the Lifelong Kindergarten research group at the MIT Media Lab

Video Game Design with Scratch

Additional Skills

Information & Communication Skills

Objectives

Design

  • imagining, creating, evaluating, remixing
  • learn to select, create, manage multiple forms of media

  • create media to creatively & persuasively express themselves

Problem Solving

The World of Unlimited Possibilities

  • identifying, formulating, decomposing, debugging
  • To develop skills in digital media & programming

  • To acquire problem solving & logical thinking

  • To learn not only to interact but to also create with the computer.

Computational & Mathematical Concepts

Social-emotional Skills

multi-threaded

  • collaborating, sharing, persevering, reflecting

GUI based programming

Thinking

  • sequence, iteration, conditionals

  • coordinates, variables, random numbers

  • event handling, data structures

  • threads, synchronization, randomness

Higher-Order

Lower-Order

"As a teacher I, allow exporation as I guide, challenge, inspire my students."

-Ms. I

Interface

  • combine facts
  • synthesize ideas
  • conclude/interpret
  • recite facts
  • previously aqcuired knowledge
  • For MAC: Open Scratch.app
  • For PC: Open Scratch.exe

Blocks

presented by Sophia I.

Is Scratch Right for You?

Technology/Computer Science Teacher

Advantages

snap together to create

Disadvantages

  • Encouraging right-brain development

  • Student’s own their learning

  • Attention to detail

color-coded subcatagories

build your program here

  • Only one export format

  • Can only share through their site

Scripts

Sprites have

1. costumes

2. scripts

Dynamic programming

Change it on the fly

Java vs. Scratch

Copy Script.

what does it do?

How many hours have you spent looking for that missing semi-colon?

class Hello {

public static void main(String [] args) {

System.out.println("hello, world!");

}

}

Let's compare!

Design Process

New Idea

Programming Languages

Re-design It

Working prototype

Programming Concepts

tell computer what to do!

Giving computer step by step instructions to complete a task. (i.e. following a recipe)

Statements

Basic instructions appear in all languages:

commands or instructions

directives that tell computer to do something

Get user feedback

  • move/turn/point/go
  • glide/set/change
  • say/think/wait
  • play/stop

Input

Test it

  • (get input from the user)

Debug it

Output

Hello World!

  • (display data to user on a monitor)

Math

  • (perform basic math operations)

+ - * /

Build your own Game

Participants follow along as we build a simple learning game based on ideas and concepts presented.

Conditional Execution

  • (check for conditions & execute sequence of statements)

Steps to Create Game

Repetition

  • (perform a sequence of statements repeatedly)

Planning

Programming Concepts

Resources

Conditionals

Loop

http://scratch.mit.edu/download

Download Scratch (free, Mac/PC):

Determine

  • purpose
  • design
  • win/lose conditions

Official Reference Guide

executes statement multiple times

http://info.scratch.mit.edu/sites/infoscratch.media.mit.edu/files/file/ScratchReferenceGuide14.pdf

determines

  • # of times something happens
  • length of something
  • when something happens
  • if
  • if-else
  • when
  • until
  • forever
  • forever if
  • repeat
  • repeat 10
  • repeat until

20 Programming Projects

http://www.nebomusic.net/scratch.html

Programming Concepts Defined

predicate goes here

http://info.scratch.mit.edu/sites/infoscratch.media.mit.edu/files/file/ScratchProgrammingConcepts-v14.pdf

Drawing Sprites

Student Work

  • Create Costumes, Stand & Walk
  • Create/Import background
  • Create 3 objects(balls)

http://scratch.mit.edu/galleries/view/67304

Gaming History

Events

Threads

1958 table-tennis

  • Willy Higinbotham

Part 1

  • when flag clicked
  • when key pressed
  • when sprite clicked
  • broadcast
  • when I receive

Steps to Create Game

1975 Atari Pong

  • Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney

Part 2

  • Set starting conditions
  • Add key movements
  • Add show/hide on items
  • Set counter variable
  • Set win/lose conditions

Adding Scripts

1978 Space Invaders

Rise of the Video Game

The Discovery Channel

Contact Info

1980 Pac-man

Programming Concepts

non-violent

Part 3

Ms. I

Technology Teacher

Questions??

Evaluation Form

Variables

Please take a moment to complete the evaluation form.

Atari 2600 - 1st cartridge-based home video system

Thank you for attending this workshop.

Part 4

http://tiny.cc/-eval

Keeping Score

placeholder for a value

(i.e. “x” in algebra)

2 Types

What is this used for?

  • Keep playing & adjusting scripts as you see fit.

Testing

set

to 0

score

1985 Tetris

  • Alex Pajitnov

Local

  • belong only to a specific spriteGlobal
  • shared by all sprites

Part 5

1986 Nintendo's NES

  • Super-Mario Bros.

Boolean Expressions

Numbers

can be true/false

  • touching
  • mouse down?
  • key pressed?

test condition

  • some # is less than another # or it's false.

Anatomy of a Script

if False continue normal flow

how sprites communicate

It's not just about programs working but rather working *efficiently.*

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