Neurons

Neurons

Hormones

and the Brain

1. Somatic Nervous System

>Receptors control VOLUNTARY

action

2. Automatic Nervous System

>Regulates organs & glands

>Has 2 Parts...

1. Sympathetic Nervous System

>"The Accelerator"

>Mobilizes body for action

>Fight-Flight-Freeze

Parasympathetic Nervous System

>"The Brake"

>Slows down the body

>Helps conserve & store energy

*Reaction depends on:

-type

-location

-level

Play a Role In:

1. Appetite

2. Blood Pressure

3. Learning

4. Memory

5. Mood

BRAIN STEM

1. Pons=Sleeping, Waking, Dreaming

2. Medulla=Unconscious Functions

3. Reticular Activating System=

network of neurons that connect

to higher areas

>screens incoming information

>activates higher centers

CEREBELLUM=Lesser Brain

1. Controls Balance

2. Coordinates Muscles

THALAMUS=Traffic Officer

1. Directs sensory messages

to higher areas

HYPOTHALAMUS

1. Survival Drive

2. Regulates Body Temp

3. Controls Automatic NS

4. Contains Biological Clock

PITUITARY GLAND

1. Master Gland

2. Sends Hormonal Messages

AMYGDALA

1. Evaluates sensory information

2. Determines emotional significance

3. Decides to approach or withdraw from a situation

4. Assesses danger/threat

5. Mediates anxiety & depression

HIPPOCAMPUS

1. Compares sensory info to

what the brain already knows

2. Cools RAS

3. Helps us navigate environment

using memory

4. Enables us to form new memories

& incorporate new facts

CEREBRUM

1. Highest form of thinking

2. Control our environment

3. Contains....

>Occital Lobes=vision

>Perietal Lobes=pressure, pain

>Temporal Lobes=sounds

>Frontal Lobes=voluntary movement

speech, emotion

The Nervous System

Gathers & Processes

Information

Responds to

Stimuli

Coordinates Different

Cells

Peripheral Nervous system

Central Nervous System

Handles input & output of CNS

Carries messages to spinal cord

>to connect us to the world

Carries orders from CNS

>that enable us to move

Made up of 2 Parts...

Receives, Processes, Interprets, Stores Information

Sends messages to Muscles, Glands, Organs

Parts of the Brain

ways to map the brain

neurotransmitters

EEG=record neural activity

TMS=magnet stimulates or deactivates brain cells

PET Scan=inject a substance to accumulate in active brain areas

1. Serotonin=sleep, appetite, pain, mood

2. Dopamine=movement, learning, memory,

emotion

3. Acetylcholine=muscle action, cognitive function,

memory, emotion

4. Norephinephrine=heart rate, learning, memory,

dreaming, emotion

5. GABA=calms the body after stress

MRI=magnetic fields & radio frequencies to study brain tissue

neurons

Transmit information to, from, within the CNS

3 parts:

1. Dendrites=receives messages from cells

transmits them to the body

2. Cell Body=keep neurons alive

decides when/if it should fire

3. Axon=transmits messages from cell body

to other neurons, muscles, glands

Hormones

endorphins

Levels Rise Under Stress

1. Melatonin=regulates biological rhythms, sleep

2. Oxytocin=connected to trust & attachment

3. Adrenal Hormones=emotion, stress, memory

respond to nonemotional conditions

produce cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine

muscle action

Promote Pleasure

Reduce Pain

Seen in Early Stages of Romance