Socio Economic and Political hazards
References:
- https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228856/7052.pdf
- http://www.academia.edu/8431614/causes_effects_and_solutions_to_extra_judicial_killings_and_executions
- http://topyaps.com/top-10-causes-of-crime
- https://owlcation.com/social-sciences/The-Main-Reasons-For-War
- http://handofreason.com/2011/featured/causes-of-terrorism
- https://www.seattle.gov/Documents/Departments/Emergency/PlansOEM/SHIVA/2014-04-23_SocialUnrest.pdf
- http://philab.com/corporate-governance/risk-management/risks-relating-to-government-regulation-and-economic-factors/
- https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/war
- http://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/in-depth/131871-duterte-anti-crime-strategy-assessment
- http://archive.adl.org/terror/tu/tu_0404_philippines.html
- http://www.rappler.com/nation/141011-sona-2016-duterte-marching-orders-police-drugs-crime-corruption
- http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/808902/chr-icc-may-exercise-jurisdiction-over-ph-drug-killings-if
What causes these?
economic factors:
- urbanization
- poverty
- unemployment
- overpopulation
political factors:
- unfair rulings/political girevances
- government law enforcement
- disputes
- graft and corruption
- military instability
social factors :
- religion
- ethnicity
- family conditions
- depression and other social and mental disorders
What are its effects?
The “war on drugs” Duterte proclaimed has been followed by the killing of thousands of people by police who claim to be acting in self-defense and unidentified gunmen
- unlawful and deliberate killings carried out by order of a government
- includes killing that results from excessive use of force by law enforcement officials.
- Behavior which puts others at risk of injury or death is universally regarded as criminal and is a breach
of the law
- Murder, robbery, burglary, rape, drunken driving,
child neglect, and failure to pay your taxes all are common examples
There are four major terrorist groups active in the Philippines today:
- Moro National Liberation Front
- Moro Islamic Liberation Front
- Abu Sayyaf
- New People's Army
The first three are Islamic groups that operate primarily in the south of the nation, where most of the country's Muslim minority live. The Communist New People's Army operates in the northern Philippines.
Terrorism
“The use of serious violence
against persons or property, or threat
to use such violence, to intimidate or coerce a government, the public or any section
of the public, in order to promote
political, social or ideological objectives.”
- (Lord Carlile of Berriew, 2007)
Civil disorder is a public disturbance by a group or groups of people involving acts of violence that cause immediate danger, damage or injury to others or their property. They are often, but not always politically motivated. They are both illegal and violent.
state of usually open and declared armed hostile conflict between states or nations; conflict between relatively large groups of people
What are these hazards?
- caused by social and economical factors and political situations
- pose a threat to the lives of people in a community and their relationship with each other
- Occurs when the behavior of individuals tend to give rise to reasonable tension and concern towards injury or death
Strategies done by government to mitigate the effects of socio-economic and political hazards
ON EXTRAJUDICIAL KILLINGS
ON DRUGS
International Criminal Court (ICC) may exercise its jurisdiction over the spate of drug-related killings in the country if the Philippine government fails to prosecute alleged vigilante perpetrators
- But before the ICC steps in, it should be established that the state is “unable and unwilling” to prosecute the cases,
ON CRIMINALITY
- PNP’s campaign against illegal drugs involves cleansing its own ranks
- Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA), have also taken efforts to sack personnel with supposed illegal activity
- DILG is also directed to strictly monitor how LGUs perform their supervision functions of the police and those found not performing will be sanctioned including the loss of police deputation from the NAPOLCOM
- very dependent on time and place with some areas and times of day posing a greater risk than others
- there are Constitutional Laws for these
- criminals are being sent into court for their proper sentence to jail
Creating an Inter-Agency Committee on
Illegal Drugs that will integrate efforts
and strengthen the partnership
of all stakeholders
ON TERRORISM
The Philippines combats terrorism through political, legal and military means.
Washington installed the Terrorist Interdiction Program (TIP) in the Philippines with equipment, software and training to enhance their capacity to secure their borders.
Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)
- largest Islamic extremist group in the Philippines, the MILF split from the MNLF in 1977 and continues to wage war against Manila.
Peace Agreements
U.S.-Philippines law enforcement cooperation was also strong.
In 2002, the two nations' law enforcement agencies
cooperated to bring charges against 15 Abu Sayyaf terrorists, implement an extradition treaty and train
some 700 Filipino law enforcement officers.
The Philippines receives anti-terrorist financial
assistance from the U.S.
The Philippines has ratified the first twelve of the
sixteen international counter-terrorism conventions - more than any other country in Southeast Asia with
the help of UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Counter-terrorism Programme.
New People's Army (NPA)
- the military wing of the Communist People's Party of the Philippines (CPP)
- they aim to overthrow the Philippine government through guerrilla warfare
Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)
- 1996, the MNLF signed a peace agreement with Manila that created the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), where they enjoy a degree of self-rule
- Nur Misuari reportedly still has a small band of followers who remain actively opposed to the current arrangement.
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