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6
Transcript
Purpose in life
Theories used to create scale:
Originally, 80 questions were generated for each high and low scale
- Maslow's conception of self- actualization
- Roger's view of fully-functioning
- Jung's formation of individuation
- Erikson's personal development
The evaluations of the definitions were intended to reduce ambiguity and redundancy of items.
More than half items from each scale were deleted leaving 32 for each scale
- Intentional
- Sense of directedness
- Finds meanings in present and past life
- Has goals for future
Self-Acceptance
Original study took place in 1989. The purpose was the measurement of self-perception on a positive outcome and life satisfaction.
Concept of Happiness or Eudaimonia
The six dimensions of psychological well-being were generated
Positive relations with others
- Concerned about the welfare of others
- Capable of strong empathy, affection, and intimacy
- Central characteristic of positive psychological functioning
- Positive attitude toward self
- Accepts good and bad parts of self
Personal Growth
- Continual development
- Openness to experience
- Grow and expand as a person
Environmental Mastery
- Competency managing environment
- Manipulate and control environment context
- Participates in the external world through physical and mental activities
Psychological Wellbeing Scale
What is the Psychological Well-being Scale?
Clients self-report
Created by
Carol D. Ryff , clinical psychologist at the University of Wisconsin - Madison
- 7-point scale
- 1(strongly agree) - 7(strongly disagree)
- 6 sub groups
- assessment is not timed, but it takes approximately 10 minutes to complete
References:
- Abbott, R. A., Ploubidis, G. B., Huppert, F.A., Kuh, D. & Croudace, T. J. (2010). An Evaluation of the Precision of Measurement of Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scales in a Population Sample. Social Indicators Research, 97(3), 357.
- Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness Is Everything, or Is It? Explorations on the Meaning of Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081. https://doi-org.proxysb.uits.iu.edu/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
- Ryff, C. D. (1995). Psychological Well-Being in Adult Life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4(4), 99–104. https://doi-org.proxysb.uits.iu.edu/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10772395
- Ryff Carol D. (2014). Psychological Well-Being Revisited : Advances in the Science and Practice of Eudaimonia. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 83(1), 10.
Measures six aspects of well-being and happiness
- Autonomy
- Environmental mastery
- Personal growth
- Positive relations with others
- Purpose in life
- Self-acceptance
Autonomy
- Self-determination
- Independence
- Self-regulation
PWB 1989 Psychometrics
PWB Data Distribution
BY:
Misel Vasoli
and
Karissa Ryan
Original 1989 study:
- 321 sample community volunteers
- 3 age groups:
- young adults (mean age = 19.3 years, s.d. 1.6)
- midlife (49.9, s.d.9.4)
- older adults (75.0, s.d 7.1)
The PWB Revisited
- Carol Ryff defended her inventory on a paper published in 2013: Titled: Psychological Well-Being Revisited
- Discussed the 25 publications evaluating the scale of reliability and validity supporting the 6-factor model, including those of different cultural context
Validity and Controversy
- Reviews the critiques of 6-dimensions are insufficient once they adjust for error on high level and how other studies provide the evidence that it does.
- Elaborates on the especially interest on the scale length defending that 20 items per dimension were needed, producing a 120 item total.
The study described that measurements for positive functioning had a coefficient ranging from .25 to .73, and for measures of negative functioning, the range was -.30 to -.60.
Evolution of the PWB
- Several versions are in use, varying in length from 120 to 12 items with varying degrees of item overlap
- All psychometric studies to date have been concerned with the construct validity of the PWB scales.
- Ryff has adapted the original inventory to a 42-item, still measuring the 6 aspects of well being and happiness in 2007, for the National Survey of Families and Households NSFH II with a sample of 9,240 to include those from lower-income backgrounds
- The assessment has been tested for validity and reliability on different populations such as children, African Americans & Latinx.
- Many researchers have used the PWB to measure well-being on large samples from different countries such as England, Holland, Philippines, and China.