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With a partner, review your notes on "Life Under Slavery." Discuss the laws that slaves were forced to follow, the conditions of slave life, slave labor, and methods for maintaining order.

Desire for Liberty

  • Slaves wanted freedom, but confronting the system was dangerous
  • Desire for freedom as the constant theme

American Colonization Society

  • Abolition of slavery
  • Resettlement of black Americans in Africa
  • What country was formed in West Africa?

Discuss the different reactions to colonization.

-Liberia

Abolition

The Liberator (1831)

How did the abolitionist movement of the 1830s differ from earlier antislavery movements?

William Lloyd Garrison

"I will be as harsh as truth and as uncompromising as justice. On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation...I will not equivocate-I will not excuse-I will not retreat a single inch-and I will be heard."

Demanded immediate abolition and supported equal rights for black Americans

Many hoped to avoid violence and used moral arguments to point out the "sinful" nature of slavery.

Natural right to liberty and freedom regardless of race

Uncle Tom's Cabin

by Harriet Beecher Stowe

  • Sold over 1 million copies by 1854
  • Sympathetic portrayal of slaves
  • Human face of slavery

Spreading the Abolitionist Message

  • Pamphlets, newspapers, petitions
  • American Anti-Slavery Society (1833)
  • Local anti-slavery groups
  • Speakers, revivals, meetings

Elijah Lovejoy Monument

"Words of activists like Frederick Douglass revealed the "hypocrisy" of the United States."

Explain the meaning of this statement.

"The empty name is everywhere-free government, free men, free speech, free schools, and free churches. Hollow counterfeits all! The substance has gone."

The Amistad

(1839)

Alton, IL

-Theodore Weld

  • 53 slaves took control of a transport ship going from one port in Cuba to another
  • Seized off the coast of Long Island

Resistance to Slavery

Slave Culture

John Quincy Adams

Argued that the slaves should be freed because they had recently been brought from Africa, which was against international ban on slave trade

"Nobody will be argued into slavery."

Religion

  • Secret religious gatherings
  • Biblical story of the Exodus as inspiration
  • "Gospel of Freedom:" found inspiration in the figures of the Bible

What southern ideology is exemplified by the following quote?

"The master as the head of the system, has a right to the obedience and labor of the slave, but the slave has also his mutual rights in the master-the right of protection, the right of counsel and guidance, the right of subsistence, the right of care and attention in sickness and old age."

Read Frederick Douglass's "A Former Slave Exposes Slavery (1850)"

In your opinion, what was his goal in writing this account? Who do you believe was his intended audience?

1) Many northern workers rejected the goals of the abolitionist movement because:

Center of the slave community; law did not recognize marriage; families faced constant threat of being separated by sale

A) African-Americans lacked education

B) They feared competition for jobs

C) The Constitution clearly supported slavery

D) Southern cotton production was needed to keep factories running

Religion

  • Threat of sale used as discipline method by owners
  • Traders gave little to no attention to preserving families

Slave Family

Growth of the Slave Population

The Peculiar Institution

"King Cotton"

697,624

Slave Family

75% of world's supply

893,624

Sent to factories around the world

Discuss the characteristics of the "Old South"

1,191,362

1,538,022

Old South was the largest and most powerful slave society the modern world has known

  • 1790-
  • 1800-
  • 1810-
  • 1820-
  • 1830-
  • 1840-
  • 1850-
  • 1860-

"2nd Middle Passage"

2,009,043

African Heritage

Slave trade WITHIN the United States

2,487,355

Cities and Banks

3,204,313

  • Small cities
  • Banks mainly financed plantations

3,953,760

Limited industry and technology

Paternalism

Less than 10% of manufactured goods produced in the South

African Heritage

The Lower Class

Music, dance, religious worship (shaped by African traditions and American values and experiences)

Many farmers were self-sufficient-3 out of 4 did not own slaves

Poor whites resented power of plantation owners

Slave owners thought of themselves as kind, responsible masters who took care of slaves, gave them a better life

Discuss the pro-slavery arguments that dominated southern opinions concerning the issue

Read William Harper's Apology (1837):

  • In what ways does Harper's intended apology actually highlight the issues associated with slavery?

Blacks were "naturally inferior"

Slavery existed in the Bible

Greatest empires in history built on slave labor

Prevented whites from having to perform unskilled jobs

Liberates blacks from "menial" factory jobs

Pro-Slavery Arguments

Freedom and equality must be earned

Wage earners worse off than slaves

Inequality is a fundamental law of society

Hierarchy is natural and normal

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