A Nation vs Itself

Part 1:

The Abolitionist Movement

Essential Understanding: The abolitionists

worked to end slavery.

Essential Question: What were the main ideas expressed by the abolitionists?

Most abolitionists demanded immediate freeing of the slaves.

Abolitionists believed that slavery was wrong on 3 counts:

1.) Morally Wrong

2.) It was cruel and inhumane

3.) It was a violation of the principles

of democracy.

Abolitionist leaders included men and women...

some of the famous ones are:

Harriet Tubman led hundreds of enslaved African Americans to freedom along the Underground Railroad

William Lloyd Garrison wrote the "Liberator" newspaper and worked for the immediate emancipation of all enslaved African Americans

Frederick Douglass wrote "The North Star"

newspaper and worked for rights for African

Americans and women to better their lives.

Part 2

Women's Suffrage

Essential Understanding: The women's suffrage movement helped women gain equal rights.

The Essential Question here would have to be; what were the main ideas expressed during the Women's Suffrage Movement?

Supporters of the Women's Suffrage Movement declared that "All men and women are created equal."

Supporters believed that women were denied 4 basic rights, including:

4.) Women were limited in the right to own property.

The women's movement was led by strong women who began their campaign before the Civil War and continued after the war had ended. Some of these women are...

Soon we will do a short activity dealing with primary sources and the Women Suffrage Movement... But before we do so, let's look the official convention invitation for the "First Convention"

http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/primarysourcesets/womens-suffrage/pdf/teacher_guide.pdf

Now let's analyze some political cartoons dealing with the Women's Suffrage Movement...

Then you will be responsible for creating your own political cartoon or picket sign for supporting women's rights.

Part 3: Differences between North and South

Essential Understanding: Cultural, economic, and constitutional differences between the North and the South eventually resulted in the Civil War.

The essential question has to be: what were the differences and how did the differences get so bad that it created the Civil War?

Before we move on, let's understand that slavery did exist and it was an ugly business. The business of slavery is one of the baseline reasons for fighting this war.

Slavery- While there were several differences between the North and the South, the issues related to slavery increasingly divided the nation and led to the Civil War.

All relating to slavery in some way, there are 3 other types of issues that we need to understand, and those 3 are Cultural, Economical, and Constitutional.

Cultural Issues

Economic Issues

3.) Southern planters were also concerned that Great Britain might stop buying cotton from the South if tariffs were added.

Constitutional Issues

1.) A major conflict was states' rights versus strong federal government.

2.) Southerners believed that they could declare any national law illegal. Northerners believed that the national government was supreme.

3.) Southerners believed that the abolition of slavery would destroy their region's economy. Northerners believed that slavery should be abolished for moral reasons.

Part 4: Compromises to avoid War

We are going to look at 3 major compromises that were made before the country split. Those 3 are: The Missouri Compromise, The Compromise of 1850, and The Kansas-Nebraska Act.

The Missouri Compromise was a "law" in the United States that regulated slavery in the country's western territories. The compromise, devised by Henry Clay, was agreed to by the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress and passed as a law in 1820. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW IS...

Missouri Compromise - In 1820 Missouri entered the Union as a slave state and Maine entered the Union as a free state.

Next up is the The Compromise of 1850. It consists of six separate bills that would pass in September of 1850 which dealt with the issue of slavery.

You need to know that in the Compromise of 1850 California entered the Union as a free state. And that the Southwest territories would be responsible for deciding on the slavery issue for themselves

Last, but not least, The Kansas-Nebraska Act. It was an Act passed by the U.S. Congress on May 30, 1854. It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery in the north. You need to know...

Kansas-Nebraska Act- People in each state would decided the slavery issue by "popular sovereignty."

Popular sovereignty- means that the people decided on what the government should do BY VOTING.

Part 5: Southern Secession

Essential Understanding: Southern states that were dependent upon labor-intensive cash crops seceded from the Union. Northernmost slave states (border states) and free states stayed in the Union.

First off, what is the definition of secession?

Secession- the action of withdrawing from.

On November 6, 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected as the United States 16th President.

Following Lincolns election, the southern states seceded from the Union.

On December 20, 1860, by a vote of 169-0, South Carolina legislature declared themselves no longer a part of the United States of America.

"The union now subsisting between South Carolina and other States, under the name of 'The United States of America,' is hereby dissolved."

The Civil War began at 4:30 a.m. on April 12, 1861, when the Confederate army opened fire on Fort Sumter in South Carolina.

President Lincoln and many Northerners believed that the United States was one nation that could not be separated or divided.

Most Southerners believed that the states had freely created and joined the union and could freely leave it.

The states that seceded included:

There were also states called border states.

Border states were the Northernmost slave states but they decided to join the Union.

The remaining states made up the Union and were considered Free States

Part 6: Roles of Civil War Leaders

Essential Understanding: Lincoln and Lee were men who represented views of the nature of the United States that were very different; such views led to an unavoidable conflict.

The essential questions for this section would have to be: Who are considered leaders of the Civil War and how did Lincoln and Lee differ in their opinions for how the Union should function?

Some of the leaders of the Civil War include: Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Ulysses S. Grant, Robert E. Lee, Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson, and Frederick Douglass.

Let's start with Abraham Lincoln

You are responsible for understanding 6 ideals about Abraham Lincoln.

1.) Was the 16th President of the

United States of America

2.) He opposed the spread of slavery

3.) He issued the Emancipation Proclamation

4.) He was determined to preserve the Union, by force if necessary.

5.) He believed the United States was one nation, not a collection of independent states.

6.) He wrote the Gettysburg Address that said the Civil War was to preserve a government "of people, by the people, and for the people."

Next is Jefferson Davis

Jefferson Davis was the president of the Confederate States of America (CSA)

Next is Ulysses S. Grant

Ulysses S. Grant was general of the Union Army and defeated Robert E. Lee and the Confederate Army.

Next is Robert E. Lee

There are 4 main ideals that you need to know about Robert E. Lee...

1.) He was the leader of the Confederate Army in Northern Virginia.

2.) He was offered command of the Union forces at the beginning of the war, but chose not to fight against Virginia.

3.) He opposed secession, but did not believe the Union should be held together by force.

4.) He urged Southerners to accept defeat at the end of the war and reunite as Americans when some wanted to fight on.

Next is Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson

Stonewall Jackson was a skilled Confederate general from Virginia.

Lastly, but not least, is Frederick Douglass

Douglass was an enslaved African American who escaped to the North and became an abolitionist.

Part 7: Major Battles and Events of the Civil War

Essential Understanding: Location and topography were critical elements influencing important developments in the Civil War, including major battles.

First, what is topography?

Topography- is the features of the land such as elevation changes, rivers, and terrain.

As we are all already familiar with, the official start of the Civil War was when...?

On April 12, 1861, the Confederate Army fired on Fort Sumter in South Carolina. This marked the official start of the Civil War.

The first Battle of Manassas or more famously known as Bull Run, was the first major battle of the Civil War.

http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/bullrun.html?tab=facts

The Emancipation Proclamation

The signing of the Emancipation Proclamation made "freeing the slaves" the new focus of the war.

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/emancipation_proclamation/

The Battle of Vicksburg

The Battle at Vicksburg divided the South; the North controlled the Mississippi River.

The Battle of Gettysburg

Gettysburg was the turning point of the war; the North was able to fight off Robert E. Lee and the South's invasion

For the next two years, the Confederate army would be defeated more and more until eventually, Robert E. Lee and the Confederate army had to surrender.

Lee's surrender to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865 ended the Civil War.

We need to add this next part to the back of the Guided Notes Part 7.

So, altogether we need to understand 4 major location developments that occurred during the Civil War.

1.) The Union blockade of southern ports, including Savannah, Charleston, and New Orleans. This was called the Anaconda Plan!

Blockade- the blocking by military force preventing any importing and exporting of goods and supplies

2.) North took control of Vicksburg and the Mississippi River, completing the Anaconda Plan.

3.) Battle locations influenced by the struggle to capture capital cities. The Capital Cities were:

South- Richmond, VA

North- Washington D.C.

4.) Control the high ground. Such as what happened at Gettysburg. Controlling the higher ground showed to be a BIG advantage in winning several battles.

Part 8: The Effects of the War

Essential Understanding- Life on the battlefield and on the home front was extremely harsh. Many soldiers died, not only from war scenarios, but from disease and exposure to the elements of war as well.

The questions we should answer here are:

1.) What were the hardships experienced during the Civil War?

2.) How did the Civil War change the lives of soldiers, women, and slaves?

The Civil War is like no other for America. This war had so many unique characteristics about it, that it is easily defined as the hardest war America has ever had to endure.

Let's look at some of the General Effects of the War

So we can see all of these deficits affecting the South; what do you think were some common deficits that effected both, the North and the South?

Who do you think is going to

take over the household and jobs

while all of the men are off fighting?

With so many of the Northern and Southern men off at war, women had to take up the responsibilities of maintaining any livelihoods back home.

Some women were very successful in

upholding their civil duties.

The Effects of the war were widespread. Everyone in America had been influenced by the destruction and chaos of the Civil War in some way.

As already mentioned, women, men, and children all had new responsibilities in order to fight, rebuild, and reconstruct this young nation. But what do you think were the effects on the slave populations during and after the war?

Effects of the war on African Americans

African Americans fought mostly in the Union army. Some were forced to fight for the Confederacy.

Some of the Confederate slaves were used as ship workers, laborers, cooks, and camp workers.

Although the Union began enlisting African Americans to be sailors and soldiers, they were not treated as equals amongst other troops.

Some ways African Americans were treated differently include, but not limited to:

1.) African American soldiers were paid less than white soldiers.

2.) African American soldiers were discriminated against and served in segregated units under the command of white officers.

Discriminate- to give unfair treatment towards another

Segregate- to separate according to race.

Although there were separations and discrimination present, there were still some successful African American soldiers that persevered through it all, including a young confederate slave that did the unthinkable to assist the Union.

HOORAY!!! NO MORE NOTES !!!

Much of the South was devastated at the end of the war. Richmond and Atlanta burned.

The war put family members against family members, friends against friends, and neighbors against neighbors. Combat was brutal, and often hand-to-hand.

As the war was winding down, Southern troops became increasingly younger and more poorly equipped to fight.

With the collapse of the Confederacy, Confederate money became worthless

Disease was a major killer during war time.

Especially to the under nourished South

One woman in particular was Clara Barton

Clara Barton was a Civil War nurse and created the American Red Cross.

Women were left to run businesses in the North and farms and plantations in the South.

Robert Smalls- an escaped slave that became a sailor and later Union navy captain, was highly honored for his feats of bravery and heroism. He became a congressman after the war.

The Border states were:

Delaware

1.) The North was a manufacturing region, and its people favored tariffs that protected factory owners and workers from foreign competition.

1.) The North was mainly an urban society in which people held jobs in cities.

Maryland

Virginia

2.) The South was primarily an agricultural society in which people lived in small villages and on farms and plantations.

Missouri

Kentucky

2.) The South was largely agricultural. Southerners opposed tariffs (additional charges) that would cause prices of manufactured goods to increase.

North Carolina

3.) Because of their cultural differences, people of the North and South found it difficult to agree on social and political issues.

Tennessee

South Carolina

Arkansas

Mississippi

Alabama

Georgia

Texas

Louisiana

Florida

William Lloyd Garrison

Frederick Douglass

Harriet Tubman

Many of the freed slaves took up arms on the Union Side.

1.) Women were denied the right to vote.

2.) Women were denied educational opportunities, especially higher education.

3.) Women were denied equal opportunities in business.

Isabella (Sojourner) Truth- a former slave was a nationally known advocate for equality and justice.

Susan B. Anthony was an advocate to gain voting rights for women and equal rights for all.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton- played a leadership role in the women's rights movement.

Standard USI.8d- identify the main ideas of the abolitionist and women suffrage movements

Standard USI.9a- describe the cultural, economic, and constitutional issues that divided the nation

Standard USI.9b- explain how the issues of states' rights and slavery increased sectional tension

Standard USI.9c- identifying on a map the states that seceded from the Union and those that remained

Standard USI.9d- describe the roles of Abe Lincoln, Jeff Davis, Uly Grant, R.E.Lee, Stonewall, Fred Douglass

Standard USI.9e- using maps to explain critical development in the war, including major battles

Standard USI.9f- describe the effects of the war from both North and South perspective include: soldiers, women, and slaves