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Factors leading to accident

The Chain of Events

  • Snow was falling as the F-28 was prepared for departure.
  • After the de-icing, about 20:26, one of the trucks experienced mechanical problems and was immobilized behind the airplane, resulting in a push back delay of about 20 minutes.
  • Approximately 4.8 seconds after the landing gear left the ground, the sound of stick shaker began; followed by six stall warning sounds.

1. Poor weather, deicing, taxing delays

2. Build up of ice

3. Errors by the flight crew

4. Deicing procedures at LaGuardia

5. Conclusion

Accident Description

Probable Cause

-Failure to provide deicing procedures.

-Positive assurance of ice on the wings.

-Departure Delays.

  • On March 22, 1992 the USAir Flight 405 (Fokker F28), crashed shortly after takeoff in Flushing Bay; in an inverted position.
  • Out of the 57 people on board, 27 were killed including the Captain.
  • The weather conditions present led to an inevitable deficiency in lift, which induced a stall.

The Investigation (NTSB)

  • The Safety Board believes that the flight crews failure to take the precautions in conjunction with contamination of the wing, is what led to and is the cause of this accident
  • In addition the FAA's lack of criteria provided in regards to the effective holdover time of the deicing fluid is causal.
  • The NTSB also concluded that the early initiation of takeoff rotation contributed to the accident.

FAA Investigation and

Conclusion

-FAA created rules and regulations on both pilots and air carriers.

-The FAA decided that the pilot in command is responsible for aircraft operation in icing condition.

-Part 91.527 No pilot may operate in icing condition.

-Part 121.629 Carriers must not operate in icing conditions.

References

  • National Transportation Safety Board. Aircraft Accident Report. Rep. no. 20594. N.p.: n.p., 1992. Print.
  • "ASN Aircraft Accident Fokker F-28 Fellowship 4000 N485US New York-La Guardia Airport, NY (LGA)." ASN Aircraft Accident Fokker F-28 Fellowship 4000 N485US New York-La Guardia Airport, NY (LGA). N.p., 2013. Web. 29 Apr. 2015. <http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19920322-1>.

How it Could Have

Been Avoided

USAir Flight. 405

-Pilot could have requested taxi back to position in order to get deiced

-Pilots could have went into the cabin and get more accurate depiction of wing shape.

-Pilots could put the urge to get to their destination behind them for the safety of those on board

-Pilots could have followed recommended V speeds in order to get the maximum amount of airflow needed to take off in order to avoid more obstructions

Recommendations

-To have air traffic control to initiate the gate holds as soon as deicing operation begin

-Certified to establish deicing plans

-Flight crew members and appropriate ground personnel receive specific periodic training

-Inform flight crew how to determine the available holdover time.

Anthony Foli

Carmen Lao

Doniven Bernier

Francis Kamara

Francis Tavernier

Keijerian Graham

Partrick Kenny

Shaquille Jean-Charles

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