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Transcript

Anne Dela Cruz

Organizations and Components

The State Department

Foreign Policy

  • The department of state is organized along both geographic & functional lines.

Isolationism to Internationalism

The Foreign Service

  • Foreign policy is a group made up of all the stands & actions that a nation takes in every aspect of its relationships with other countries; everything a nations government says & does in world affairs.
  • some aspects of foreign policy remain largely unchanged over time & other policies are more flexible.
  • It involves:
  • Under international law every nation has the right of legation - the right to send & receive diplomatic representatives.

Ambassadors

  • An official representative of the U.S appointed by the President to represent the nation in matters of diplomacy.

Special Diplomats

  • The State Department, headed by the secretary of state, is the President's right arm in foreign affairs.
  • The President names the secretary of state, subject to the confirmation by the senate.
  • The Department of Foreign affairs had first been created in 1781 under the articles of confederation.
  • For more than 150 years, American people were concerned with domestic affairs.
  • Nobody was concerned with foreign affairs which are the nations relationship with other nations.
  • Wars & other political changes in different countries have impact on the U.S. & their daily lives.
  • Those whom the president names to certain other diplomatic pasts also carry the rank of the ambassador.

Passports

  • A certificate issued by a government to its citizens who travel or live abroad. It is a privilege.

Diplomatic Immunity

  • They are not subject to the laws of the state to which they accredited.

The Defense Department

The Military Departments

Civil Control of Military

  • The army is essentially a ground - based force, & is responsible for military operations on land.

The Department of the Navy

  • 2 major missions: 1) To seize or defend land bases from which the ships of the fleet & the air power of the navy & marines can operate. 2) To carry out other land operations.

Department of Air Force

  • Primary responsibility for military air & aerospace operators in time of war its major duties are to defend the U.S. & attack & defeat enemy air, ground, & sea forces.

Section 1:

Foreign Affairs and National Security

Chapter 17:

Foreign Policy

Anne Dela Cruz

Jacob Aguirre

Section 2:

National Defense

&

Other Foreign and Defense Agencies

Jacob Aguirre

Monzerrath Alarcon

Section 3:

American Foreign Policy Overview

Policy of Isolationism

  • U.S. refused to become permanently involved with the world

" Our true policy was to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world"

-George Washington

Dealing with Soviet Union

  • Yalta Conference in 1945:

democracy would be established in liberated E. Europe

A L A S K A

F R O M

R U S S I A

  • The Truman Doctrine:

massive program of economic and military aid

I867

The End of The Cold War

  • Mikhail Gorbachev and President Ronald Reagan met in summit conference
  • Focused on arm limitations and eased tensions
  • Containment:

to keep communism within boundaries

  • The end of the Cold War

Resisting Soviet Aggression

Berlin Blockade

O

R

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G

O

N

C

B

O

R

U

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T

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R

S

Y

H

C

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L

X

A

I

T

M

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N

G

U

I

S

H

E

D

I846

L

O

U

I

S

I

A

N

A

P

R

C

H

A

S

E

U

  • Soviet trained and equipped North Korean and Communist Chinese

F

R

O

M

F

R

A

N

C

E

North

Affairs with Asia

M

E

X

Korea

I

8

I

0

3

C

A

N

C

E

S

I

O

  • The Europeans and Japanese wanted sections of China's trading

N

I

8

4

8

  • July 1953 cease fire

Attack

1899

  • Relations with Japan worsen leading to Pearl Harbor
  • Communist took over China
  • U.S. insisted on Open Door policy:

equal trade access or all nations and preserve China's sovereignty

South

Korea

  • Made up of American and South Korean troops

GADSDEN

PURCHASE

T

E

X

A

FROM

S

A

N

E

D

X

MEXICO

I853

I84

5

FLORIDA

PURCHASE

FROM

SPAIN

I82I

Cuban Missile Crisis

  • Viet Cong began civil war with S. Vietnam
  • Fidel Castro hid Soviet arms and technicians

North

  • Missiles that reach U.S. and Latin America

Vietnam

  • Cease fire signed in 1973

South

  • warned that U.S. would attack Cuba unless missiles removed

Vietnam

  • U.S. responded with economic and military aid

2 New Policies

Deterrence:

Collective Security:

  • UN: to promote international cooperation to maintain peace and security
  • Strategy to maintain military might to discourage attacks from another country

Affairs in Latin America

  • lead to problems
  • Threat of European intervention
  • Political Instability
  • (Theodore) Roosevelt's Corollary:

U.S. began to police Latin America

  • Revolutions
  • Unpaid foreign debts
  • Injured citizens and territory

"Speak softly and carry a big stick"

-Theodore Roosevelt

  • (Franklin) Roosevelt's Good Neighbor Policy:

attempting to make friends in the South

Involvements in Both World Wars

WW1

WW2

The end of isolationism

The return of isolationism

  • Entered "to make the world safe for democracy"
  • Entered after the bombing of Pearl Harbor
  • When over, U.S. retrieved involvements
  • U.S. became the mightiest military power
  • Refused to join League of Nations
  • The war ended with the 2 atomic bombs in: Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Alarcon

Monzerrath

Angelica Puentes

Section 4:

Foreign Aid and Defense Alliances

"Those who help others

Did you Know??

Foreign Aid and Security Alliances

Help themselves"

Rio Pact

Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance

Signed in 1947

Very similar to NATO but involves U.S., Canada, and 32 Latin American countries

the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Rio Pact is a Restatement of the Monroe Doctrine

There are many other alliances

-After WWII the U.S. shifted from isolationism to internationalism

-The U.S. became the first Nation to ratify the U.N. Charter

Declares U.N. was created

"To save succeeding generations from the scourge of war"

Security Alliances

Foreign Aid

NATO

United Nations

Established in 1949

Security Council

Other Important U.N. Bodies

~Economic and Military aid to other countries~

-made up of 15 members

The Work of the United Nations

5 are permanent

( U.S., Britain, France, Russia, and China)

10 are not permanent

General Assembly

  • Economic & Social Council (ECOSOC)
  • 54 members = 3 year terms
  • Responsible to carry out economic, cultural, education & health related activities
  • Trusteeship Council
  • Promote well-being of the people
  • International Court of Justice (ICJ)
  • United Nations Judicial arm
  • Secretariat
  • Civil service branch of United Nations
  • 5 year terms

How Did it Begin?

-Alliance was formed to promote collective defense of Western Europe

"An armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all."

  • Purpose is to make the world a better place
  • Peacekeeping is its primary function
  • They help the worlds poorest nations
  • Majorly concerned in health, the environment, and human rights.

-called "town meeting of the world"

(they meet once a year)

Israel, Egypt, the Philippines, and various from Latin America have been helped by the U.S.

Independent (A.I.D) administers most of the economic aid programs

- with the Lend-Lease program of the early 1940"

(U.S. gave $50,000 after WWII)

-Since then this country has spent more than $500 billion in aid to more than 100 country's world wide

- Foreign aid became an important part of the containment policy (1947)

-originally composed of U.S. and 11 other countries

~over the years more countries joined~

-With the collapse of Soviet Union, NATO extended and covered much of Eastern Europe

The U.S. and other countries have agreed to take action against aggression in a certain part of the world

The U.S. has constructed a network of

Regional Security Alliances, built on mutual defense treaties

Under the Marshall Plan, the U.S. poured some $12.5 billion into 16 nations in West Europe After WWII

George C. Marshall

Angelica Puentes

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