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Russia in 1900s
Who were the Russians?
Russia in 1900 – key terms
Russia in 1900s
Autocracy: One person possesses unlimited power e.g. the ruler of Russia
Tsar: Emporer Nicholas II (1894-1917). Nicknamed ‘Bloody Nicholas’ due to his liking of the military, executions and persecution.
Feudalism: Social structure in medieval Europe with the King at the top and peasants at the bottom.
Russification: A policy of making non-Russians speak Russian, wear Russian clothes and follow Russian customs. For example, in Poland it was forbidden to teach children in Polish.
Russian Army: 24 corps across 13 districts of Russia. 800,000 men by the 1800s. Their job was to put down workers’ strikes.
Police State: Everything is supervised by the police and military. There is lots of censorship so that there is no opposition to the Tsar. Most opposition groups lived abroad.
Civil Service: Their job was to help the Tsar and provisional governors. There were 14 different ranks with the Tsar’s ministers at the top. Each rank had its own uniform.
Orthodox Church: Most people were members. It was the ‘social cement of autocracy’ and played an important role in society.
Key Vocabulary
Its really important you gain an early understanding of the vocabulary used during this course.
In pairs you have 10 mins to try and match as many of the key words to the correct definition.
If you don’t know them, don’t worry, just try your best.
Russian Revolution
Aristocracy: Princes, Counts, Barons who had inherited land or been given it by the Tsar due to military success. They had large estates, two homes etc. They were 1% of the population yet owned ¼ of the land.
Bourgeoisie: The educated middles classes such as teachers, lawyers and businessmen. Liked to challenge the traditional structure of society.
Proletariat: The farmers and factory workers who did all the work. Lived a very tough life.
Peasants: 4/5 of the population. Their life was very harsh as they were very poor. They didn’t own much land and often worked on the land of the nobles. They would eat porridge, rye bread, soup and drink tea, beer and vodka.