While this was happening in the Ottoman Empire, Jews were facing persecution and Anti-Semitism in Europe.
Who do you believe Britain helped after the war?
- The Zionists felt betrayed
-Almost 80% of the original mandate was off limits to them
- The eastern part of the Palestine Mandate became the Arab state of Transjordan.
- The western half, Palestine, remained under British control.
Closure:
Palestine Mandate:
- Today, you learned about explain the religious importance of Jerusalem to the Jews, Christians, and Muslims.
- We also discussed nationalism, Zionism, and the British Mandate.
- These were all causes that began disagreement in the area and lead to the Arab-Israeli Conflict.
- This created borders for Palestine-
-Includes present-day countries of Israel and Jordan
- In 1921, Britain created an administrative unit called Transjordan to divide area in the Palestine Mandate.
-All conditions that dealt with Jewish settlement in the Palestine Mandate would not apply to Transjordan.
KWL Chart
Today’s Objective:
What do you know about the Arab-Israeli conflict?
What would you like to know about it?
Write at least 2 questions.
- Today you will be learning about the historical events that lead to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
- As we move through this unit, you will be completing a timeline of events to help keep the information organized and easily available.
- After today, you will be able to explain the religious importance of Jerusalem to the Jews, Christians, and Muslims.
World War I & Britain
Meanings:
Do you know what these terms mean?
Arabs-the nomadic inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula
Nationalism-the belief that nations have the right to self-rule; a belief system that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a nation
Zionism- a form of nationalism of Jews and Jewish culture, supports Jews upholding their Jewish identity and opposes the integration of Jews into other societies
- During WWI, Arab nationalists began to argue for an independent Arab state.
-This was because of the weakening power in the Ottoman Empire.
-They believed life would be better if they were united under an independent Arab government
- Britain attempted to gain Arab support by promising them independence.
- Also, tried to gain support from Jews by promising to create a Jewish national home in Palestine.
The End of WWI:
The Arab-Israeli Conflict
- Both Jews and Arabs felt betrayed
-Instead of gaining independence, the Ottoman Empire was divided between the British and French.
- Palestine was under the control of the British as a mandate granted by the League of Nations.
-Mandate also included a requirement to create a Jewish national home in Palestine
-This was called the Palestine Mandate.
Connections to Jerusalem:
Judaism:
- Jewish people originated in:
-Land of Israel
-Jerusalem was the location of the Jewish Temple
- In 63, the Roman Empire began to dominate the area.
- By 70, the Roman Empire took control of the area.
-Changed name of the land to Palestine
-Jews left the homeland and traveled to Europe
The Origins of Zionism and Arab Nationalism
Roman Empire:
Islam
End to Anti-Semitism:
- For the next 500 years, Palestine remained a region in the Roman Empire
- During this time, the empire became Christian
- Roman leaders valued this area as the birth place of Jesus
- Islam arose in the Arabian Peninsula when Muhammad began preaching to the Arab tribes who lived there in 613.
- In 634 an army was led out of the Peninsula
- Within 6 years, they conquered Egypt and much of the Middle East, including Palestine.
- They believed Jerusalem was the city Muhammad ascended to heaven from.
Question??
Zionism
- France guaranteed the equality of all citizens regardless of religion.
- The breaking point to end Anti-Semitism was when Theodor Herzl reported on the trial of Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish officer in France.
-Dreyfus was charged with treason despite being innocent.
-There was still an antisemitic atmosphere in France that led to the conviction.
- Herzl believed the only solution to Anti-Semitism was to create a Jewish state.
What is the religious significance of Jerusalem for Jews, Christians, and Muslims?
-Jewish nationalism dedicated to have control in their ancient homeland.
- He popularized the idea that the Jews could reestablish their homeland as an expression of nationalism rather than strictly on the basis of religious belief.
Zionism Movement:
Question??
- Jews began donating money to buy land from Arab and Ottoman landowners
- -Many began moving to these properties and began developing a nation
- Built schools, hospitals and created agricultural communities.
Why do you believe the Arabs opposed Zionism?
Why did Jews accept modern Zionism?
In Europe:
Ottoman Empire:
- Many Jews were discriminated against, which is called Anti-Semitism.
- Between the 11th-19th century, Jews were expelled at least 34 times from major Christian cities and states.
- In 1492, many Jews began to flee to the Ottoman Empire.
Anti-Semitism in Europe:
- Started around 1300, in what is today western Turkey
- Ottoman people were ethnically Turkish and religiously Muslim
- Empire extremely diverse
- Controlled large parts of the Southeastern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa.
- From the 16th-20th a majority of Arabs lived in the Ottoman Empire.
- Arabs shared their Muslim religion with the others
Arab Nationalism:
- In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, there were attacks on Jews that were tolerated or supported by the government in Russia and Eastern Europe.
- In Western Europe, Jews were granted legal equality with Christians.
-Anti-Semitism was still occurring in this area
- Began as a cultural movement to re-establish the importance of Arab culture
Question??
Why did most Arab nationalists want self-rule rather than complete independence from the Ottoman Empire?
- In 1912, Arabs living in Egypt founded the Ottoman Decentralization Party.
-Arabs of different religious backgrounds sought more local self-rule for Arabs in the Ottoman Empire
-They did not want complete independence.
-All Arabs were also united by their opposition to Zionism.
Question??
In late 19th century Europe, Jews had legal equality but not actual equality. How is it possible that a group can have legal equality but not actual equality? What examples of this have there been in America?