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While this was happening in the Ottoman Empire, Jews were facing persecution and Anti-Semitism in Europe.

Who do you believe Britain helped after the war?

  • The Zionists felt betrayed

-Almost 80% of the original mandate was off limits to them

  • The eastern part of the Palestine Mandate became the Arab state of Transjordan.
  • The western half, Palestine, remained under British control.

Closure:

Palestine Mandate:

  • Today, you learned about explain the religious importance of Jerusalem to the Jews, Christians, and Muslims.
  • We also discussed nationalism, Zionism, and the British Mandate.
  • These were all causes that began disagreement in the area and lead to the Arab-Israeli Conflict.
  • This created borders for Palestine-

-Includes present-day countries of Israel and Jordan

  • In 1921, Britain created an administrative unit called Transjordan to divide area in the Palestine Mandate.

-All conditions that dealt with Jewish settlement in the Palestine Mandate would not apply to Transjordan.

KWL Chart

Today’s Objective:

What do you know about the Arab-Israeli conflict?

What would you like to know about it?

Write at least 2 questions.

  • Today you will be learning about the historical events that lead to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
  • As we move through this unit, you will be completing a timeline of events to help keep the information organized and easily available.
  • After today, you will be able to explain the religious importance of Jerusalem to the Jews, Christians, and Muslims.

World War I & Britain

Meanings:

Do you know what these terms mean?

Arabs

Nationalism

Zionism

Arabs-the nomadic inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula

Nationalism-the belief that nations have the right to self-rule; a belief system that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a nation

Zionism- a form of nationalism of Jews and Jewish culture, supports Jews upholding their Jewish identity and opposes the integration of Jews into other societies

  • During WWI, Arab nationalists began to argue for an independent Arab state.

-This was because of the weakening power in the Ottoman Empire.

-They believed life would be better if they were united under an independent Arab government

  • Britain attempted to gain Arab support by promising them independence.
  • Also, tried to gain support from Jews by promising to create a Jewish national home in Palestine.

The End of WWI:

The Arab-Israeli Conflict

  • Both Jews and Arabs felt betrayed

-Instead of gaining independence, the Ottoman Empire was divided between the British and French.

  • Palestine was under the control of the British as a mandate granted by the League of Nations.

-Mandate also included a requirement to create a Jewish national home in Palestine

-This was called the Palestine Mandate.

Connections to Jerusalem:

Judaism:

  • Jewish people originated in:

-Land of Israel

-Jerusalem was the location of the Jewish Temple

  • In 63, the Roman Empire began to dominate the area.
  • By 70, the Roman Empire took control of the area.

-Changed name of the land to Palestine

-Jews left the homeland and traveled to Europe

The Origins of Zionism and Arab Nationalism

Roman Empire:

Islam

End to Anti-Semitism:

  • For the next 500 years, Palestine remained a region in the Roman Empire
  • During this time, the empire became Christian
  • Roman leaders valued this area as the birth place of Jesus
  • Islam arose in the Arabian Peninsula when Muhammad began preaching to the Arab tribes who lived there in 613.
  • In 634 an army was led out of the Peninsula
  • Within 6 years, they conquered Egypt and much of the Middle East, including Palestine.
  • They believed Jerusalem was the city Muhammad ascended to heaven from.

Question??

Zionism

  • France guaranteed the equality of all citizens regardless of religion.
  • The breaking point to end Anti-Semitism was when Theodor Herzl reported on the trial of Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish officer in France.

-Dreyfus was charged with treason despite being innocent.

-There was still an antisemitic atmosphere in France that led to the conviction.

  • Herzl believed the only solution to Anti-Semitism was to create a Jewish state.

What is the religious significance of Jerusalem for Jews, Christians, and Muslims?

  • Herzl organized Zionism

-Jewish nationalism dedicated to have control in their ancient homeland.

  • He popularized the idea that the Jews could reestablish their homeland as an expression of nationalism rather than strictly on the basis of religious belief.

Zionism Movement:

Question??

  • Jews began donating money to buy land from Arab and Ottoman landowners
  • -Many began moving to these properties and began developing a nation
  • Built schools, hospitals and created agricultural communities.

Why do you believe the Arabs opposed Zionism?

Why did Jews accept modern Zionism?

In Europe:

Ottoman Empire:

  • Many Jews were discriminated against, which is called Anti-Semitism.
  • Between the 11th-19th century, Jews were expelled at least 34 times from major Christian cities and states.
  • In 1492, many Jews began to flee to the Ottoman Empire.

Anti-Semitism in Europe:

  • Started around 1300, in what is today western Turkey
  • Ottoman people were ethnically Turkish and religiously Muslim
  • Empire extremely diverse
  • Controlled large parts of the Southeastern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa.
  • From the 16th-20th a majority of Arabs lived in the Ottoman Empire.
  • Arabs shared their Muslim religion with the others

Arab Nationalism:

  • In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, there were attacks on Jews that were tolerated or supported by the government in Russia and Eastern Europe.
  • In Western Europe, Jews were granted legal equality with Christians.

-Anti-Semitism was still occurring in this area

  • Began as a cultural movement to re-establish the importance of Arab culture

Question??

Why did most Arab nationalists want self-rule rather than complete independence from the Ottoman Empire?

  • In 1912, Arabs living in Egypt founded the Ottoman Decentralization Party.

-Arabs of different religious backgrounds sought more local self-rule for Arabs in the Ottoman Empire

-They did not want complete independence.

-All Arabs were also united by their opposition to Zionism.

Question??

In late 19th century Europe, Jews had legal equality but not actual equality. How is it possible that a group can have legal equality but not actual equality? What examples of this have there been in America?

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