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  • 6,000-12,000 Btu/lb
  • Gasoline: 17,630 Btu/gal
  • Diesel: 19,562 Btu/lb
  • Liquid natural gas:11,738 Btu/lb

One Man's Trash..

Next Steps

Policy Recommendations

  • Identify digester locations and potential.
  • Comparative analysis
  • Sacramento, CA
  • San Antonio, TX
  • Cleveland, OH
  • Kansas City, MO-KS
  • Financial Assistance for Grease Traps
  • FOG tracking software
  • Real-time data
  • Franchising

An Evaluation of Best Practices of Food, Oil, Grease Reduction and its Potential as Energy

Energy Value

Ian T. Davidson

iantdavidson@gmail.com

Road Map

Cost

Enforcement

  • FOG–What is it?
  • Cost of FOG
  • Prevention
  • Energy value
  • How much is there?
  • Preferred Pumper Program
  • Policy Recommendations
  • Cleaning
  • 3-5 years v. 3-6 months
  • Lawsuits
  • Upper Chattahoochee Riverkeeper Fund v. Atlanta
  • $3.5 Million
  • Repairs and Upgrades
  • Atlanta: Total more than $2 billion
  • Borne by citizens
  • Federal Level: CWA, NPDES
  • Local level: City or County code

Stop #1

Stop #2

Standardization

  • Streamline
  • Save Time & Money

Another Man's Treasure

Solution

  • Stop FOG from entering sewers
  • Grease Traps
  • Cost to sewer infrastructure
  • Renewable energy diversification

How much FOG is there?

  • 624 million lbs
  • Annual in US
  • FOG:
  • 7.8-52 million pounds
  • Recoverable (30%):
  • 2.3 -15.6 million pounds

-Source: NREL

  • 8.5 billion lbs
  • Annual in US

“Assessment Data collected on grease trap wastes are subject to inherent inaccuracies because this material can include a significant amount of water and other materials mixed with the grease.” -NREL Study

Food, Oil, and Grease

  • Different than Cooking Oil
  • Far More Viscous
  • Different make-up each time
  • Vegetable oil
  • Animal fat
  • Other grease

Preferred Pumper Program

Importance

"There is more of this stuff than anybody realizes–more than they'll be able to deal with."

-A POTW Representative

  • Standardize regulation
  • Pumping, Reporting, Inspection
  • Flexibility
  • Frequency
  • Fees

“grease from restaurants, homes, and industrial sources are the most common cause (47%) of reported blockages.”

-EPA Report

Federal Regulation

City of Portland

  • Cost to infrastructure
  • Billions nationwide
  • Source of Energy
  • Affordable
  • Large Amount
  • Clean Water Act, 1972
  • National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
  • Population of 600,000
  • 3,500 Food Service Establisments (FSEs)
  • 12 different classifications of FSEs
  • Ex:
  • Bagel Shop
  • Pub
  • Full-service kitchen in a Hotel
  • Fast-food restaurant
  • Each fined differently
  • Fines lessened with compliance
  • Installation of grease trap
  • Regular pumping
  • Success
  • 2011: 827,000 gallons pumped
  • 2012: 988,197 gallons pumped

"Energy is THE issue of our time."

-Governor Kitzhaber

Cost of Prevention

  • Disperse the cost?
  • Charge only the offenders?
  • Hybrid?
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