Ferdinand of Aragon

Key:

Yellow: Spain

Green: Hapsburgs/Austria

Redish: Tudors

Purple: Stuarts

Blue: Valois

Light Blue: Bourbon

Brown: Russia

Bold Brown: Romanov

War of the Roses

Ivan III (the Great)

Poland (Alex's Archenemy)

• Szachta- Nobles
• Senate- Upper House
• Sejm- Lower House of Parliament
• Catholic
• Tolerant, so many fled here
• Flawed cause it's run by hereditary nobles
• Liberum Veto- Prevented Absolute Monarchs, Sejm can end Legislation and nullify laws
• Partition of Poland
• 3 of them
• Prussia, Russia, and Austria get slices of the pie

• Kicked out the Mongols
• Conquered Ukraine, Poland, Moscow
• Muscovite
• Third Rome
• Isolates Russia
• Increases Boyar (Noble) power
• Centralizes power

Henry VII

• Tudor Dynasty
• Stadardizes Weights, Measures, $$$
• "Starchamber" to control nobles
• Avoids foreign wars, Saves money

Charles VII

Isabella of Castile

Ferdinand of Aragon

• Won Hundred-Years War
• Used Joan of Arc to attack England/ Get her killed
• Standardized Weights, Measures, $$$
• Unified France internally
• Took away Pope's ability to choose RCC members in France (Pragmatic Sanction (Not Austria's))

Marriage unites Spain

John III

What did they do?

• Savior of Christendom
• Fought Turks
• Battle of Vienna
• Popular
• "Lion of Lechistan"

Ivan IV (the Terrible)

• Separate money/governments in case things fall apart
• Reconquista- Jews and Muslims can Covert, Leave, or Die
• Standardize Weights, Measures, $
• Can now fund exploration stuff

Poniatowski

Joanna

• Never stood against partitions, lost Poland
• Last Monarch
• Patron of the arts
• Involved with Russians

Louis XI, Charles VIII, Louis XII

• Expands Territory
• Repress the West
• Backwards to the rest of Europe
• Absolute Power
• Crazy

Marries Hapsburg

• Forgettable
• Invade Milan
• Strengthen France
• Trade Increases

Arthur Tutor

Catherine of Aragon

• "Defective"

• Dies before being king
• Marriage gives England $$$

Marries

Aunt/Nephew

• Don't allow Annulment Clement VII

Charles I of Spain

Charles V HRE

Marries after Arthur's death

The Time of Troubles

War!!

Kosciuszko

Francis I

• No heckin' czars
• Wars between boyars
• Poland invades
• Chaos

Henry VIII

• Dutch Hapsburg
• Hated by Spain
• Uses colonies + trade for $$$
• Sack of Rome
• Clement VII is too cozy with France
• Fights Suleiman (Ottoman), Schmalkaldics
• Exhausted
• Splits Empire and abdicates
• Fights the Reformation

Hates

Edward VI

• Like Cromwell
• Kosciuszko Uprising
• Hero for fighting Russia/Prussia
• Friends with Thomas Jefferson
• Helped US in Revolutionary War

• Conspicuous Consumption
• Brought Renaissance to France
• Art
• Leonardo
• Standardized French Language
• Schools
• Book of Courtier by Castiglione
• Exploration
• Jacques Cartier, Giovanni Verrazano
• Fought Charles V
• Tried forming Pope alliance->Sack of Rome
• Worked with Suleiman (Ottomans)
• Tolerant of Protestants until 1534 protests
• Exiled Calvin + shut down publications

• Low Church
• Weak from illness
• Thomas Crammer = Regent
• 39 Articles- Anglican less RCC

• Wants male heir
• Syphilis
• A lot of divorce/killings/death
• "Defender of Faith"
• Writes against Luther
• Not HRE
• Grudge against Charles V
• Brief Alliance with Francis I
• Cardinal Wolsey doesn't succeed
• Act of Supremacy- 1534
• "High Church"
• Took RCC land
• Archbishop of Canterbury leads Anglican Church
• Thomas Cranmer
• Vernacular Bible
• Book of Common Prayer
• Act of Uniformity

Peter I (the Great)

Successor

• Westernizes Russia
• Goes to W. Europe to see modern stuff, like boats
• Grand Embassy tour
• Government-
• French
• Wear tights
• No beard/ Beard License
• Wants a Warm Water Port
• St. Petersburg
• City Built on Bones/Window to the West
• Capital
• Great Northern War with Sweden
• Puts down Revolts himself

(Not his name but whatever)

• Gets HRE + Austria

Philip II

Henry II (Catherine de Medici)

• Henry II's + kids are the puppets
• Anti-Protestant
• RCC agenda vs. Huguenots
• St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

Marries, no love, money and power for Philip II

"Bloody Mary" I

• Very Spanish
• Centralizes Power
• Escorial
• Palace
• Conspicuous Consumption
• Armada vs. England -Fails
• 80 years of war with Dutch Revolters
• King of Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, Some of Italy, Colonies
• War with France 1580's to 1590's
• Fight Huguenots
• Weakens Spain

Want to weaken France

• Welcome to Hell Protestants
• Catholic-Undo Edward's work
• Kills Important Protestants
• Died from tumor (Thought it was a baby)

War of Three Henrys

Prussia

Henry III (France)

Henry of Navarre

Henry, Duke of Guise

• Winner by default
• Huguenot

• RCC
• Killed by Henry Duke of Guise

• "Allies" with Henry III
• Works for Philip II
• Wants to weaken France
• Killed by those loyal to Henry III

• Elector of Brandenburg-elect HRE
• Northern Germany
• Berlin and Koingsburg
• Nobles = Junkers
• Disciplined Army
• Frederick III-
• Prussian Academy of the Sciences
• For smart people
• Safe for Huguenots

Later... In Austria

James I

No marriage= Launch the Armada

Elizabeth

Ignores

Elizabeth I (Good Queen Bess)

• Picks Catherine to be leader
• Crazy family

Charles VI

Dead (End of Tudors)

• Divine Right
• High Church
• Scottish
• King James Bible

• Wants daughter to rule
• Pragmatic Sanction to let woman inherit HRE land

• Politique- Be loyal to England
• Brings back old Anglican stuff
• Sea Dogs- Drake, Frobisher, Hawkyns
• Raid Spain
• Repels Armada
• Huge debt
• Privy Council
• Cabinet
• William Cecil-most powerful
• Virgin Queen
• Explores Virginia
• British East India Company
• Lloyds of London
• Shakespeare
• Golden Age

Henry IV

Starts 80 Years War to make them RC

Decline

Frederick William (Great Elector)

• Politique
• Converts to RCC
• "Paris is worth a mass"
• Fights Spain
• Edict of Nantes
• Religious Freedom in 200 towns
• Good King Henry
• Duke of Sully
• Top Adviser
• Army increases, taxes increase
• Not Catholic enough though = Dead

Catherine II (the Great)

• Restores Hohenzollern domains
• Centralizes power
• Rebuilds towns, army
• Foundation of monarchy

• Thirty Years War
• Gold runs out
• Inbreeding
• Bad Monarchs
• Diplomatic Revolution
• French Allies

Netherlands

• Orlov Brothers kill Peter III
• Enlightened despot
• Voltaire and Diderot
• Expands borders
• Crimea port
• Gregory Potemkin
• "secret husband"
• Potemkinvilles to trick Catherine
• Charter of Rights to boyars
• Less Torture
• Limited religious tolerance
• Schools-Boys and Girls
• Hermitage museum
• Pugachev Rebellion
• stops freedom of serfs

Maria Theresa

• Hapsburg RC
• Becomes Calvinist
• Duke of Alva-Council of Blood
• Scare them back to RCC
• Massacre of Protestant Dutch
• RC and Protestant see Spain as foreign invader
• Pacification of Ghent
• They team up
• Starts Dutch Nationalism
• Led by William of Orange I
• 1581-Independence
• 1648- Treaty of Westphalia
• Gets rid of Hapsburgs

Louis XIII (Cardinal Richelieu)

Helps the Dutch Rebels

Frederick William I (Soldier's King)

• Efficient Government
• Boosts military
• Merit System for hiring officials
• Cut costs for military
• No war
• No art

• Pro-absolute monarchy
• Less Noble power, less Huguenot power
• Castle destroyer
• Intended System
• Provinces looked after by Middle Class
• Control Nobles
• Politique
• Pro-RCC
• Reduces Edict of Nantes
• La Rochelle Rebellion is put down
• Joins Sweden and Schmalkaldics vs HRE during Thirty Years War
• Helps Dutch
• $$$ on art, advisers, colonies, war
• Taille (Land Tax), Gabelle (Salt Tax)
• Champlain
• Native Americans are "naturalized Frenchmen"
• Dumas "Three Musketeers

• Codex Theresianus
• Code of Law
• War of Austrian Succession
• Fought everywhere
• Frederick II (Prussia) conquers Silesia
• France, Spain, Bavaria, Saxony vs. Austria, Britain, Netherlands
• Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
• Britain and France exchange land
• Maria can lead
• Diplomatic Revolution
• The tables have turned
• New alliances to Balance Power
• France-Austria-Russia
• Britain-Prussia-Hannover
• Defensive Treaty of Versailles

Charles I

Seven Years War

• Prussia and Austria fight to control Germany
• Used Diplomatic Revolution alliances
• France loses colonies to Britain
• Sweden joins in to hurt Prussia

• 1628 Petition of Right
• Habeas Corpus (Right to fair trial) for no more debt
• Fails
• Long Parliament
• Go Home!! Nope

Frederick II (The Great)

Louis XIV

• Invades Silesia
• War of Austrian Succession
• Seven Years War
• Very rich area
• Partition of Poland
• Strong government/army
• Boosts industry
• Enlightened despot
• Religious tolerance
• Weakens HRE
• Sanssouci- Palace
• Peopling Prussia
• Increase land use and food
• Attracts immigrants

Joseph II

• The Sun King
• "I am the State"
• "When Louis sneezed, all Europe caught cold"
• Fronde-Noble Rebellion
• Nobles = Bad, Huguenots = Bad
• Cardinal Mazarin (Temporary regent)
• Centralizes all power
• Versailles
• Watch Nobles
• Escape
• Very Expensive
• They copy him = favors
• DRM thanks to Bishop Bossuet
• No Edict of Nantes
• Convert or die
• Includes Jansenists
• Nobles in Intended System
• 0-3-1 War record
• People gain up on him to reduce power
• Balance of Power from Treaty of Westphalia
• Huge Army
• Treaty of Dover- Give money to Charles II

• Enlightened Despot
• Abolished Serfdom
• Equality and education
• Emancipation of Peasants
• Patent of Tolerance
• Private religious tolerance
• Josephinism
• Ideal enlightened state
• Politique
• Musical King
• More Germanic
• Commissioned Mozart and Beethoven

English Civil War

• Roundheads (Parliament) vs. Cavaliers (Charles I)
• Roundheads win
• Over money, habeas corpus, and Parliament power

Interregnum

Oliver Cromwell

Treaty of Dover

• Dictator Yay!!!!!!
• Commonwealth of England
• Changed names
• Lord Protector
• Instrument of Government
• Constitution
• A heckin' Calvinist who hates fun

Charles II

• Restoration
• PARTY!!!!!
• Great Fire of London
• Doesn't challenge Parliament
• Treaty of Dover= more money!!!!

Glorious Revolution

• William III of Orange
• Mary II
• Bill of Rights
• Act of Toleration

James II

• Heckin' Catholic
• Tries to make people Catholic- fails