The Digestive System
Enzymes in Digestion.
- There is about 100 trillion bacterial cells in the human body.
- Amylase's are enzymes produced by gland near the mouth; they help speed up the break down of carbohydrates to sugar.
- In your small intestine a number of other enzymes continue to speed up the breakdown of proteins into amino acids.
- Remaining sugars are turned into glucose and used by your body's cells.
The Stomach.
Enzymes
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- Chyme is a thin, watery liquid
- Mechanically, food is mixed in the stomach by peristalsis.
- Chemically, food is mixed with enzymes and strong digestive solutions.
- Specialized cells in the walls release about 2 liters of Hydrochloric acid each day.
- Enzymes are types of protein that speeds up the rate chemical reactions in your body.
- Chemical Digestion is possible because of enzymes.
- Enzymes reduce the amount of energy necessary for a chemical reaction to begin.
- If enzymes weren't in your body the rate of chemical reactions would slow down, some won't happen at all.
Functions of the Digestive system
- Acid works with enzyme pepsin to digest protein.
- Stomach produces mucus that makes food more slippery
- Food is processed in four stages; Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination.
- Digestion is chemical and mechanical.
The Mouth
- Villi cover the folds of the small intestine
- Duodenum is the first part of the small intestine
- Bile is greenish fluid from the liver
- Most digestion takes place in the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine.
- Mechanical digestion happens when you chew your food with your teeth and tongue.
- Chemical digestion begins with the help of saliva.
- Rectum is the last section of the large intestine
- Feces are semisolid wastes from the body
- The large intestine absorbs water from undigested mass.
- This keeps large amounts of water in your body and helps maintain homeostasis.
Organs of the Digestive System.
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- Food passes through the digestive tract, the mouth, the esophagus, the stomach, the small and large intestine, the rectum, and the anus.
- The tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are accessory organs.
- Bacteria lives in many organs of the digestive track.
- The bacteria in your large intestine feed on undigested material.
- Vitamin K - for blood clotting.
- B vitamins - for your nervous system and other body functions.
- Enzymes also aid blood-clotting problems.
The Esophagus.
- Peristalsis are waves of muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract
- Epiglottis is a structure that automatically covers the opening to the windpipe to prevent food from entering it
- Epiglottis is the structure that automatically covers the opening of the windpipe to prevent food from entering it
- No digestion takes place in the esophagus.
- Mucous glands in the wall of the esophagus keep the food moist.
- Mechanical digestion
- Chemical digestion
- Digestion
- Enzyme
- Peristalsis
- Chyme
- Villi
- Coeliac disease is caused mostly by severe intolerance to gliadins in wheat gluten.
- CD us a genetically based autoimmune response triggered by specific amino acid chains in wheat gliadin.
Consumption of Gluten free foods.
- CD affects about 1% of the population in most developed nations.
- People with NCGS can recover from gastrointestinal issues by avoiding gluten.
- Foods containing dietary gluten cause gastrointestinal distress in non-CD subjects.
- Ncgs may be due to metabolites created during the processing of gluten by the digestive system.
- Reovirus's are based on RNA while a virus can have both DNA and RNA as its infection vectors.