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Overfishing & the Tragedy of the Commons
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Transcript
Overfishing: The Tragedy of the Commons
By: Jordan Meaker and Cody Wertheimer
OVERFISHING IS
Dealing with the problem of the Tragedy of the Commons
Culture
- As the ocean is mainly a shared space among countries, international agreements are required to hold nations accountable for their fishing practices.
- UN Convention on the Law of the Sea- specific fish agreement adopted in 1995.
- UN Port State Measures Agreement (PSMA)- 2009
- North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC)
Effects on diet and livelihood of developing nations
Some ecosystems, such as the oceans, are not under the control of any nation.
Oceans are used for economic activity, recreation, and sustenance by people in many nations of the world
Belonging to no one nation, oceans can be considered the "common heritage of mankind" (Basler, 1998).
- A non-sustainable use of the oceans.
- Fishing so much that the fish cannot sustain their population.
- Fish getting fewer and fewer, until finally there are none to catch
What is overfishing?
Who bears responsibility for protecting the oceans?
Doing our part as a developed nation
- Magnuson-Stevens Act
- Federal regulations by species of fish: http://bit.ly/2bxOupq
- The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA)
Unsustainable techniques lead to population devastation
Harmful fishing techniques
Bycatch of non-target species
Bottom trawling
Cyanide fishing
Subsidies and Unfair Agreements
- Developed countries pay large sums of money to developing/third world nations in order to use their waters to practice unsustainable fishing techniques
- EU agreements
Some history
From unsustainable to sustainable
- In the 18th century, whaling and sealing became the first global industries
- Concerns regarding declining stocks date back at least to 1863
- Fishing for specific species at different times of the year- allowing populations to replenish
- Spearfishing- much slower pace and no bycatch
- Greater government regulations, especially in developed nations
References
- Did anyone take too many fish? Did everyone try to take as much as possible?
- Does society reward those with the most fish?
- Did anyone sacrifice fish for the good of the community? Does society reward this type of person?
- Is there a way to maximize the number of fish caught per person and the number of fish left to reproduce? Why or why not?
- What new national and international policies can nations adopt to deal with the problem of the tragedy of the commons?
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