In Conclusion
Drill
A long jumper must be a fast sprinter, have strong legs for jumping and be reasonably co-ordinated to perform the take-off, flight and landing manoeuvers. Thus as a beginner long jumper, understanding the biomechanical principles can help us to understand the application of movement and how we can make this movement more efficient by identifying particular errors in the long jump technique, ensuring that the maximum possible distance can be achieved.
Long Jump is a great event
Bibliography:
Biomechanics of Long Jump - A-Level Science - Marked by Teachers.com. (2016). Markedbyteachers.com. Retrieved 12 May 2016, from http://www.markedbyteachers.com/as-and-a-level/science/biomechanics-of-long-jump.html
Nicola, m. (2009). Long Jump technique | Greatest Sporting Nation. Greatestsportingnation.com. Retrieved 24 May 2016, from http://www.greatestsportingnation.com/content/long-jump-technique
Sports Biomechanics and Kinesiology. (2016). Topendsports.com. Retrieved 24 May 2016, from http://www.topendsports.com/biomechanics/
Linthorne, N. (2016). Biomechanics of the long jump. Long Jump. Retrieved 24 May 2016, from https://www.brunel.ac.uk/~spstnpl/Publications/Ch24LongJump(Linthorne).pdf
Parker, R. (2016). Take Flight in the Long Jump. Retrieved 24 May 2016, from http://www.trackandfieldcoach.ca/take%20flight%20in%20the%20long%20jump%20with%20photos.pdf
Teaching the Long and Triple Jumps. (2016). Coachr.org. Retrieved 24 May 2016, from http://www.coachr.org/teaching_the_long_and_triple_jumps.htm
BIOMECHANICS. (2016). Coachr.org. Retrieved 24 May 2016, from http://www.coachr.org/biomechanics.htm
Bostwick, C. (2008). GETTING IT RIGHT: Error correction in the long jump - Michigan State Official Athletic Site. Msuspartans.com. Retrieved 25 May 2016, from http://www.msuspartans.com/sports/c-track/spec-rel/111008aab.html
Rosenbaum, M. (2016). Every world record in the women's long jump, from 1922 to the present. About.com Sports. Retrieved 25 May 2016, from http://trackandfield.about.com/od/longjump/p/Womens-Long-Jump-World-Records.htm
- This drill was developed by Ron Parker professional coach who uses this drill to help his athletes develop better technique in long jump.
- use a high jump mat
- short run-up of less that 20m
- to land with the hips and feet at the same level of the torso above the thighs and arms reaching forward
- with a high jump mat the jumper will automatically take a longer penultimate stride and lower their hips prior to take-off
Landing
- The main focus during the Landing phase is to not fall back in the landing pit
During the flight phase there are many different techniques that are used;
1. Hang Technique
2. Hitch Kick Technique
Hang Technique
Comparison
This presentation will:
- outline the biomechanical principles of long jump
- include an analysis of my own technique
- identifying modifications that need to be made
- provide a drill that can effectively initiate change in my technique
Hitch Kick Technique
Video showing
good knee drive
Comparison's continued...
Professional video
Video showing good arm action
Summary of the Long jump technique
There are 4 main phases in long jump
'Biomechanics is the sports science field that applies the laws of mechanics and physics to human performance, gaining a greater understanding of performance in athletic events through modelling, stimulation and measurement'
(Mac, 2015 )
In further depth I will be examining each phase specifically whilst discussing and identifying technical errors in my long jump technique and how they can be improved.
Run- up
Take-of
Flight
Landing
Biomechanical Principles of Long Jump
Acceleration &Velocity
Force (Ground reaction & Action reaction)
Impluse & Momentum
Newtons Three laws of Ineria
- Transformation of horizontal velocity to vertical velocity occurs.
What is momentum?
“Momentum is the quantity of motion, measured as a product of the mass and velocity (speed).”
- The optimum leg angle at touchdown is to plant the take-off leg at about 60-65 degress to the horizontal
- Take-off foot is planted on the board the athletes chin and hips should lift. The take-off angle should be between 18 and 25 degrees
Biomechanics
of Long Jump
- The run-up phase is the fundamental phase where velocity and speed is built up.
A successful run has three main phases;
1. Develops rhythm as they gradually build up speed
2. Accelerate to 95% maximum speed
3. Lowers body during final steps to bring the body into position.
Figure 2: Action reaction force
Figure 1: Correct sprinting technique
Achieving Maximum Velocity
It is important that the athlete practices their run up to ensure:
1. No horizontal velocity is lost
2. Athlete doesn't foul
- In long jump the athlete wants to generate as much speed as possible through the forces they apply against the ground. This is to ensure maximal horizontal velocity.
Newtons 1st law: “The body remains at rest or in motion except when compelled by an external force to change its state”
Newton's 2nd Law: Newton’s 2nd law states that; “the acceleration of a body is proportional to the force creating it and takes place in the direction the force acts”
EXPLANATION IN RELATION TO LONG JUMP
- Athletes overcomes inertia at the beginning of run up.
- Initial acceleration generated from force against ground.
- Greater the force exerted, greater acceleration.
(Blazenvich, 2010)
"To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction."
Newton's Two Laws of Interia
Newton's Three Laws of Interia